Manufacturer of feed supplements offers free catalog of their healthcare line. Ten different feed supplements include apple-flavored electrolyte, liquid blood builder, joint supplement, and multivitamins.

Woody's Performance Horse Feed Products

http://www.woodysfeed.com/

Horse feeds and supplements.

Equine Products

http://www.equineproductsinc.com

Supplies supplements for performance enhancemnet.

Advanced Biological Concepts

http://www.a-b-c-plus.com

Equine nutrition supplements and other health care products.

Equinegold

http://www.equinegold.com/

Equine Gold offers a complete line of supplements to help horses perform at their peak.

Integricare

http://www.integricare.ca

Joint supplements for your horse.

Total Health Enhancement: Horses

http://www.totalhealthenhance.com/

Promoting optimum equine health and performance. New solutions for gastric ulcers in horses, laminitis, increased endurance, wound healing, and help for bleeders.

Equine Performance

http://www.equineperform.com/

Manufactures and sells glucosamine chondroitin, glucosamine sulfate and MSM supplements for the treatment of arthritis in horses, dogs and people.

Sportswell Limited

http://www.1apetsupply.com

The natural supplement to improve joint and tissue function, and enhance horse stamina, strength and endurance made from deer antler velevet. Ingredient information.

Peak Performance Nutrients, Inc.

http://www.peakperformancenutrients.com

Equine supplement manufacturer with a line of over 25 products that are sugar and filler free. Testimonials, detailed product descriptions, research references and a glossary.

Debco Feed & Show Supplies

http://www.geocities.com/debcofeed/

Complete line of Wendlands and Moormans Feed and supplements, Circle Y products and Pyranha fly sprays. Also sells Sidekick horse trailers and show supplies.

Healthy Horse Headquarters

http://www.healthy-horse.com

A complete line of all natural horse and pet care products, supplements, vitamins and minerals. We now carry saddles, tack, grooming products and everything for the performance horse and rider.

SmartPak Equine

http://smartpakequine.com

Leading name brand supplements, custom packed for your horse and delivered to your home or barn.

Hallway Feeds

http://www.hallwayfeeds.com

Hallway Feeds, a speciality line of feeds manufactured by Farmers Feed Mill, Inc., Lexington, KY.

Topfit

http://www.topfit-online.com

Supplements and care products manufactured and imported from Germany, available in the US and Canada.

SteedFeed

http://www.steedfeed.com

Feed supplements, vitamins, and joint care products. J-flex, an affordable alternative to Cosequin.

Florida Farm and Feed

http://www.flfarmandfeed.com

Full line feed store specializing in nutritional supplies for horses. Articles on health issues.

Life Data Labs

http://www.lifedatalabs.com

Makers of Farrier's Formula nutritional supplement. Other supplements and healthcare products available.

Great Lakes Blend

http://greatlakesblend.com

Complete equine vitamin mineral supplement for horses in the Great Lakes Region. Provides the NRC minimum daily requirements for all vitamins/minerals necessary to sustain normal equine body functions, except calcium and phosphorous.

Foxridge Farm

http://www.foxridge-farm.com

We are an authorized distributor of Dynamite horse products.

Michigan Microfeeds

http://Hyldami.tripod.com/

Probiotic health care for animals with Fastrack direct fed microbials. Natural, no medication or chemicals for your dogs, dairy, cattle, swine, horses, and other livestock.

Smooth Run

http://www.smoothrunequine.com

Sells supplements to combat a variety of ailments.

Hoof Rite

http://www.hoofrite.com

Apple flavored hoof supplement with biotin.

Equiform Nutrition

http://www.equiformnutrition.co.uk/

Sells a range of vitamin and mineral supplements for the performance horse.

Equilibrum

http://equiaustralia.com.au

Australian site sells supplement mix that includes vitamins, macro minerals, trace minerals and electrolytes.

Opt E Horse Supplement

http://www.optehorse.com

All-in-one horse supplement, your satisfaction is guaranteed. See testimonials, ingredients, feeding rates and find your nearest dealer.

Twydil

http://www.twydil.com/

Swiss site sells a range of Probiox and Twydil vitamin products.

The Equine Herbalist

http://www.equineherbalist.co.uk/

Suppliers of dietary herbal health supplements for horses, made using organic herbs and cider vinegar.

Grampa's Horse Cookies

http://www.geocities.com/coppertopjoe/

Offering nutritional, handmade horse treats.

Horselady Muffins Horse Treats

http://www.wod.com/hlmuffins

A soft treat for your horse. Made daily with no preservatives.

Jani's Training Treats

http://www.janistrainingtreats.com

Gourmet horse treats for your equine friend.

Hamilton Horse Cookie Company

http://www.horsecookie.com

Send a friend a Tally Oats Greeting post card with your own personalized message and two horse treats. Natural, heart shaped treats in clever gift and bulk packages.

Brock's Bronco Balls Horse Treats

http://hometown.aol.com/advilee/myhomepage/business.html

Fresh baked horse treats from scratch. They are soft enough to chew with a bit but hold their shape on long trail rides.

Stikky Likkys

http://www.stikkylikky.com

Manufacture and sell soft chewy treats.

Stable Snacks

http://www.stablesnacks.com/

Offers a variety of flavored treats. Also sells small selection of gift baskets.

Barnies

http://barntreat.tripod.com

Sells treats made with mixed grain. Canada.

Grand Meadows Equine Nutritional Products

http://www.grandmeadows.com/

Our horse nutrition formulas are based on comprehensive scientific research and developed by veterinarians specializing in horse nutrition.

Purina Mills Equine (Horse) Nutrition

http://horse.purinamills.com/

Offers horse nutrition food, veterinary diets strategy, equine supply and health care.

Horse Nutrition Y01

http://home.att.net/~horsenutrition101/index.html

Information featuring the basics of horse nutrition as well as in-depth horse feeding information.

Karen Bragg

http://paintedvalley.com/

Breeding, pedigree, and appraisal services, plus general information about horse nutrition, psychology, training and showing, and Arabian Horse pedigree, consultation and breeding services. Sherwood, Oregon.

Selecting Hay - Know Your Horse's Needs - http://www.equijournal.com/equijournal/hay.shtml
- Selecting Hay - Know Your Horse's Needs
- About 65 percent of the horse's digestive capacity is the large intestine, cecum
- Because of the horse's unique digestive system, forage should form the basis
- small intestine doesn't fit especially well into the horse's digestive system.
- A 1,000-pound horse should receive at least 10-15 pounds of hay each day.
- Grass hays make excellent horse forage if they are cut in the proper stage of maturation.
- When selecting hay, compare the needs of the horse with the nutrient content of the hay.
- Depending on the animal's use, 50-100 percent of the horse's nutrient requirement can be met by hay.
- Let me re-emphasize that the horse is designed to live entirely on a diet of grass.
- nutritional classifications of horses, determine where your horse belongs before you select hay.
[Abstract]
Horse Pasture.html - http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/CASDEPT/AGRONOMY/Forage/docs/pastures/horsepasture.h...
- Horse Pasture.
- Basics of Horse Nutrition
- Feed costs can be minimized by keeping the horse healthy and by feeding a balanced ration that meets
- research information as well as an increasing number of horse owners who are unfamiliar with the basics of horse
- "secrets", or short cuts that will transform any horse into a champion.
- For example, a 1,000 pound horse should consume approximately 20 to 25 pounds (90
- The anatomy of the horse's digestive tract restricts effective digestion and
- forages can restrict the amount of dry matter that a horse can eat to a level below what is necessary to meet
- be placed on using high-quality forages in the horse's diet.
- total weight of the feed consumed daily for optimum horse growth and development.
[Abstract]
Re: I feed grass hay - http://www.warmbloods.net/nutrish/_disc109/00000443.htm
- Horse Nutrition Forum
- My vet and the local horse hospital use these hays as well.
[Abstract]
The Horse Interactive -- Sports Medicine Feb. 1998 - http://www.thehorse.com/0298/sports_medicine.html
- The Horse Interactive -- Sports Medicine Feb.
- ESSENTIAL HORSE HOME
- research effort went into studying how the horse is affected by heat and humidity.
- We must know how to adjust the horse's diet and exercise to meet those demands.
- of opinion about the most appropriate diet for the horse when exposed to cold temperatures.
- The horse's energy requirements increase as the temperature
- feeding corn is fine, but if you want to help your horse stay warm, feed him hay.
- Bacteria produce considerable heat that the horse can use to warm himself from the inside out,
- out that straw is not fermentable in the horse's gut.
- quality grass hay and clean water when your horse is in his stall.
[Abstract]
Horse Haven Equine Rescue - http://members.nbci.com/HorseHaven/horseh.htm
- Horse Haven Equine Rescue
- This Horse Haven is for those horses that are no longer wanted,
- Every horse deserves to life out life in a comfortable, peaceful
- It all depends on what the horse needs.
- Horse Haven is not only about rescue and retirement though.
- Mandatory health papers for every horse going through an auction, stricter laws governing auctions
- media, and we need to get to work on getting the horse community united in each state to fight for these laws.
- There are many things that the average horse person can do.
- Horse Haven is privately funded.
- Horse Haven
[Abstract]
feed - http://tqjunior.thinkquest.org/3887/feed.html
- Feeding a Horse
- What to feed a horse.
- We interviewed someone who feeds their horse 4 times a day.
- She gives her horse the same amount of food, but in smaller amounts at
- It makes the horse feel full and helps them to digest their food.
- grain you give them depends on how hard you work the horse.
- graphs show you how much bulk and grain to feed your horse, depending on how hard they work.
- Interesting horse facts
- Parts of a horse
- Taking Care of Your Horse
[Abstract]
Sudan Grass Hay - http://www.warmbloods.net/nutrish/_disc109/0000046c.htm
- Horse Nutrition Forum
[Abstract]
Don't be ... - http://warmbloods.net/isr2/_disc136/0000008f.htm
- The Warmblood Horse
[Abstract]
Horse Nutrition Forum TOC - http://www.warmbloods.net/nutrish/Default.htm
- Horse Nutrition Forum TOC
- Horse Nutrition Forum
- The Warmblood Horse
- Well, if you look at it this way, a horse is genetically
- 2yr old quarter horse rests front pastern forward
- Re: 2yr old quarter horse rests front pastern forward
- horse treats
- for any horse, but,
- Why does everyone want to take away a horse's natural diet of all the hay they can eat?
- Re: Why does everyone want to take away a horse's natural diet of.
[Abstract]
University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service Hay List - Menu - http://www.uwyo.edu/ag/ces/haylist/menu~1.htm
- Horse Feed
[Abstract]
Re: Horse barn hay looks like grass clippings.. - http://users.loa.com/~phause/HouseBun/0001/msg00117.html
- Re: Horse barn hay looks like grass clippings.
- Horse barn hay looks like grass clippings.
[Abstract]
87 - SOL:700 TONS OF GRASS HAY (06/12/00) - http://www.ld.com/cbd/archive/2000/06(June)/12-Jun-2000/87sol001.htm
- The Bureau of Land Mgt, National Wild Horse & Burro Center at Palomino Valley (PVC), located
- for 400 tons of Grass Hay and the Litchfield Wild Horse & Burro Facility, located 17 miles east of Susanville,
[Abstract]
Bureau of Land Management Wild Horse and Burro Internet Adoption | Booklet - http://www.adoptahorse.blm.gov/adopt-bok.asp
- Bureau of Land Management Wild Horse and Burro Internet Adoption | Booklet
- Providing a home for a wild horse or burro is a challenging and rewarding responsibility.
- symbol of American history - a "Living Legend" - a wild horse or burro.
- most frequently asked questions about adopting a wild horse or burro.
- The health and welfare of wild horse and burro herds are maintained by balancing the number
- for adoption to qualified people through the Adopt-A-Horse-or-Burro Program.
- What is a wild horse or burro?
- A wild horse or burro is an unbranded, unclaimed, free-roaming horse
- and burros are protected by the Wild Free Roaming Horse and Burro Act of 1971.
- Even though a wild horse or burro is removed from the public lands, it remains
[Abstract]
87 - SOL:AGRICULTURAL SUPPLIES -- GRASS HAY (06/30/99) - http://www.ld.com/cbd/archive/1999/06(June)/30-Jun-1999/87sol001.htm
- qualified suppliers of grass hay for the National Wild Horse and Burro Facility at Palomino Valley.
[Abstract]
Hay on the Internet - http://newmexicoranch.com/ag-page/hay-page/
- Top horse & cow hay(alfalfa,orchard and brome grass mix)(Valmora,NM)
- Creech is a supplier of horse hay, dairy hay, and straw.
- Horse Hay, Horse Feed
- quality horse hay for sale
- Posting for Alfafa Horse Hay
- HORSE HAY FOR SALE
- Show quality horse hay,
- HORSE HAY
- Iron Horse Hay & Feed
[Abstract]
World Feeder Bermuda Grass...A must for all livestock producers. - http://www.worldfeeder.com/
- coarse or stemmy; it makes the finest horse and cow hay available
[Abstract]
Grass Hay Wanted in Edwardsburg - http://www.horsepage.com/board/messages/5102.html
- The Michigan Horse Connection
[Abstract]
Charles T. Creech, Inc. - http://www.creechhay.com/horsehay.html
- Horse Hay
- supplies high quality horse hay throughout Kentucky, the United States and the
- of different type hays for the local thoroughbred horse farms.
- addition to the Lexington market, we also provide horse hay to various markets throughout the entire United
- the country, our broker division sells direct to the horse farms as well as to area feed stores.
- entering our second decade of providing high quality horse hay to the European and United Arab Emirates racing
[Abstract]
Triasulfuron; Pesticide Tolerance - http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1998/August/Day-18/p22192.htm
- kidney; goat, kidney; grass, forage; grass, hay; horse, kidney; and sheep, kidney.
- 0 ppm; horse, kidney at 0.
- established for residues of triasulfuron in cattle, goat, horse, and sheep kidney at 0.
[Abstract]
Useful Info: Feeding the Older or Anorexic Horse - http://www.equiresource.com/usefulinfo/HN_Old_horse_feed.htm
- Useful Info: Feeding the Older or Anorexic Horse
- Feeding the Older or Anorexic Horse
- A horse that doesn't feel well, for whatever reason -
- small amounts several times a day to keep your horse maximally happy and reduce the likelihood of him
- The anorexic horse looses interest in his feed very quickly.
- previous feeding! Fresh hay and feed will tempt the horse's appetite much better than that which is leftover
- A horse with a poor appetite will normally proclaim any hay
- your horse.
- your horse isn't eating well.
- Has your horse recently lost his best friend because a boarder
[Abstract]
Re: Bermuda Grass - http://www.horseforum.com/bbs/messages/3470.html
- The Horse Forum Advice Column Board
- Since I had a horse that tended to colic, I used timothy hay instead of
[Abstract]
triasulfuron (Amber) Pesticide Tolerance 8/98 - http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/herb-growthreg/sethoxydim-vernolate/triasul...
- kidney; goat, kidney; grass, forage; grass, hay; horse, kidney; and sheep, kidney.
- 0 ppm; horse, kidney at 0.
- established for residues of triasulfuron in cattle, goat, horse, and sheep kidney at 0.
[Abstract]
Horse Barn: allergies - http://www.paint-horse.com/board/Messages/allergies9.12.99.html
- Horse Barn: allergies
- The horse is in good health other than the itching and the only
- horse with the problem where I board him.
- A friend has a horse who's glands around his throat and neck swell up over
- The horse is allergic to insect bites, the spit of the bugs.
- The only thing one CAN do is to keep the horse inside in a cool place where there is no insects around
- I don't know if this is the same for your horse, but it could be worth a try though.
- Thanks!!! from one horse lover to another.
[Abstract]
Alfalfa and Your Horse - http://www.naturalsolutions.org/alfalfa.html
- Alfalfa and Your Horse
- TO FEED STRAIGHT ALFALFA TO YOUR HORSE!!
- A mature working horse only requires about 12% protein.
- found that for each 1000 grams of crude protein that a horse ate above his basic needs, the racing times slowed
- Symptoms can be a cresty neck, a horse that gets overweight very easily, develops dry and
- how she feels when she is retaining water! If your horse is cranky and belligerent, resists bending and flexing,
- If your horse's stall smells like ammonia, he is in trouble.
- The tiny tubes in your horse's kidneys will, over time, get clogged with the excess
- , feels that no horse over age 15 should have any alfalfa at all.
- Among the disorders he listed are Potomac horse fever, strangles, salmonella, ulcers, abortions, epiphysitis,
[Abstract]
treatment - http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/~lvmillon/hypp/treatment.html
- If your horse has been tested and is positive for the mutation causing HYPP,
- If your horse does show any problems, you will probably want to
- (muscle tremors, horse not down)
- Exercise horse (walking or longeing) - Use caution as the horse could
- If the horse is down and unable to stand, have your veterinarian:
- gluconate (150 cc in 1-2 liters of 5% glucose / 500 kg horse).
- This can be helpful to confirm that the horse was suffering an attack of HYPP and not something
- Many halter-horse owners continue to feed alfalfa hay as the only roughage
- If your horse is receiving medication, maintain them on therapy
- Effective 7/1/99 the fee for HYPP testing will be $50 @ horse
[Abstract]
Re: Buckey Feeds - http://www.warmbloods.net/nutrish/_disc109/0000006f.htm
- Horse Nutrition Forum
[Abstract]
StableWise - Horse Farm Planning - Hay Storage - http://www.horstuff.com/faq/00031.html
- StableWise - Horse Farm Planning - Hay Storage
- Horse Farm Planning
- Horse Safety
- A horse on a diet of strictly hay (no pasture)
[Abstract]
Re: cold stress - http://www.horsepage.com/board/messages/10070.html
- The Michigan Horse Connection
- Be sure to thoroughly "leg" your horse up before asking for trots or canter
- If the horse is shivering - blanket it and feed it warmed water
- as it won't freeze before the horse can eat it.
- If the horse's hair coat is matted and dirty - it won't be able
- try to keep the horse clean and brushed and provide it a clean dry area to
- If a horse becomes heated, in very cold weather, be sure to "gently"
- if the horse is tacked up - loosen the girth and walk a bit before
- When you remove the tack, if the horse is still hot and sweaty, cover it with a light blanket/cooler
- Be sure to thoroughly " leg" your horse up before asking for trots or canter : during very
[Abstract]
New Mexico Horse Council: Quick Facts About Hay - http://www.nmhorsecouncil.org/facts.htm
- New Mexico Horse Council: Quick Facts About Hay
- Grass hay will keep the horse busy eating longer and prevent boredom.
- your veterinarian as to What is best for your horse.
- Choose a Horse
- Horse Gallery
- Copyright � 1999-2000 NM Horse Council.
[Abstract]
Manna Pro - Build A Better Horse - http://www.mannapro.com/animal_needs/better_horse/calculate.html
- Manna Pro - Build A Better Horse
- ELITE 10 18 SWEET 10 6 SUPER HORSE 16 19 EQUI-PREP
- 7 SUPER HORSE 10 20 ALFA EQUI-PREP
- 8 SUPER HORSE 10 21 CALF MANNA
- 9 ALFA SUPER HORSE 14 22 SPUR 10 ALFA
- SUPER HORSE 10 23 ALFA SPUR
[Abstract]
Hope this helps... - http://www.thetackshop.com/wwwboard/messages/307.html
- Horse feed
- Talk to a horse feed supplier about different types of supplements,
- A horse's diet of pasture (grass), hay, and grain (even the
- occasional apple) is all necessary to keep a horse at the peak of his health.
- Since my horse does eat grass (high in calories) he gets fed once
- I have a National Show Horse (Arabian and Saddlebred) that I ride for pleasure,
- : Since my horse does eat grass (high in calories) he gets fed once
- : I have a National Show Horse (Arabian and Saddlebred) that I ride for pleasure,
- A horse's diet of pasture (grass), hay, and grain (even the occasional apple) is all
[Abstract]
Pure Lysine by Vita-Flex: Necessary amino-acid for your horse. - http://vita-flex.com/purelysine.htm
- Lysine by Vita-Flex: Necessary amino-acid for your horse.
- protein component most often lacking in horse�s diets, in its most pure and economical
- development, and maintenance of tissues, the horse must have an adequate supply and balance
- The protein of many horse diets, especially those based on grains
- calculation of the crude protein percentage of the horse�s diet is based on many pounds of feed.
- growing to a mature weight of 1,100 pounds, a horse will require 30 grams of lysine daily at 4
- through natural pathways to support optimum horse health and performance.
[Abstract]
Commercial Horse Boarding Stable Industry - http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/agdex/400/460_830-1.html
- Commercial Horse Boarding Stable Industry
- enterprise is to provide board and related services to horse owners.
- specialized operations where professional trainers provide horse training, riding lessons and other services.
- The primary market group for boarding stables is horse owners seeking board and related services for their
- major population centre with a high population of horse owners needing board and related services.
- The demand for horse boarding services is driven by factors such as horse
- income levels, the desire (by owners) to participate in horse related competitions and the number of individuals
- It's important to recognize that for many horse owners boarding a horse and buying related services
- Developing and operating a horse stabling business will requires:
- determine the services and facilities being sought by horse owners in a specific market area.
[Abstract]
PEGUS HORSE FEED - http://www.pegus.ie/pegus.htm
- PEGUS HORSE FEED
- Pegus Horse Feeds have been refined over many years to meet the
- Each feed has been designed for a particular type of horse in terms of nutrients, trace elements and vitamins.
- Complete, Horse and Pony Cube
- Pegus Complete, Horse and Pony Cube
- protein, energy, fibre, vitamins and minerals that a horse requires.
- This feed is designed for the horse that requires enough energy to work but not so much
- Premium is the latest product to join the Pegus Horse Feed portfolio of products, comprising the very latest
- combination provided the necessary fuel for the race horse.
- This Supplement is designed for the horse owner with access to good quality oats.
[Abstract]
The Horse Interactive -- Nutrition February 1999 - http://www.thehorse.com/9902/nutrition.html
- The Horse Interactive -- Nutrition February 1999
- ESSENTIAL HORSE HOME
- motivates us to go out and buy supplements to add to our horse's diets? Usually, it's an honest desire to make
- What are they proven (or reputed) to do for your horse? Are they safe and appropriate additions to the ration?
- whether you really need to feed a supplement to your horse, let's consider some of the issues first.
- that the grain or hay quality is poor? Is your horse just not looking 100%? Or is there a specific need
- recommendation might have merit, but what works for one horse and one situation might not apply to another.
- feed program is appropriate for the work your horse is doing, but it does take some time and a little effort--and
- To establish what kind of nutrition your horse is getting, you need to start with an analysis
- pivotal to the construction and well-being of your horse's bones, teeth, and muscles.
[Abstract]
This article is provided to give helpful information an taking care of the teeth oif the Icelandic Horse - http://www.icehorse.com/equine.htm
- information an taking care of the teeth oif the Icelandic Horse
- The Icelandic Horse
- Icelandic Horse Care
- Icelandic Horse Acres
- Icelandic Horse Clinics
- Other Horse Interests
- information an taking care of the teeth of the Icelandic Horse.
- Please contact us and let us know what other Icelandic Horse Information you would like to see on this page!
- The Icelandic horse evolved as a grazing animal and the best food source
- horses is affected by these changing diets of the horse, grass, hay and grain.
[Abstract]
feed - http://www.corydondemocrat.com/feed.html
- ALFALFA hay, 2nd cutting, never wet, good horse hay and brood mare hay, $3.
- sale: Alfalfa or alfalfa orchard grass, good horse hay, $2.
[Abstract]
HBOC '97 Proceedings: Cut Costs - Feed Forage - http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/livestock/horses/hbo9702.html
- Horse Specialist
- he horse has a specialized digestive system that allows it to
- Because of this forage is the foundation for all horse feeding programs.
- However in order to achieve maximum production many horse owners feed a reduced amount of forage and increase
- over shadows the contribution forage has meeting the horse's nutrient requirements.
- Horse owners can maintain their horses economically and can
- It is important to remember that the forage in the horse's diet is generally the least expensive source of nutrients.
- The forage used in horse feeding programs can include pasture, hay, processed
- horse should receive at least 11 lbs.
- functions, reduce digestive upsets and satisfy the horse's requirement for chewing.
[Abstract]
Hay (at E-Stable The Definitive Horse & Equestrian Site) - http://www.e-stable.com/hay.asp
- Hay (at E-Stable The Definitive Horse & Equestrian Site)
- energy, protein, calcium, vitamins and minerals to a horse' s diet.
- serves as the main source of roughage in a stabled horse' s diet.
- Search multiple horse sites with 1 click using Horsepile.
- helping a variety of worthwhile charities by producing horse-related events.
[Abstract]
Horse Pasture.html - http://forage.cas.psu.edu/docs/pastures/horsepasture.html
- Horse Pasture.
- Basics of Horse Nutrition
- Feed costs can be minimized by keeping the horse healthy and by feeding a balanced ration that meets
- research information as well as an increasing number of horse owners who are unfamiliar with the basics of horse
- "secrets", or short cuts that will transform any horse into a champion.
- For example, a 1,000 pound horse should consume approximately 20 to 25 pounds (90
- The anatomy of the horse's digestive tract restricts effective digestion and
- forages can restrict the amount of dry matter that a horse can eat to a level below what is necessary to meet
- be placed on using high-quality forages in the horse's diet.
- total weight of the feed consumed daily for optimum horse growth and development.
[Abstract]
EquineCanada Magazine - Summer 99 - Horse Management - Pasture Grass - http://www.equinecanada.com/summer99/eq_magazine_management.htm
- EquineCanada Magazine - Summer 99 - Horse Management - Pasture Grass
- Horse Management
- Canadian Horse Industry Profile
- Canadian Horse Industry Survey
- Many horse owners do not view the grass in their pastures
- Nature has provided grass as the preferred feed for the horse.
- A mature, non-working, well-developed horse or older yearling can be maintained on pasture alone.
- A growing, working, pregnant or lactating horse will receive many of the required nutrients from
- Extension in Alberta Agriculture and now Extension Horse Specialist, University of Kentucky), the most
- sample the pasture, you need to follow the horse and sample only in the areas where horses are
[Abstract]
Articles - http://www.fullpartnersfarm.com/september98.htm
- Feeding and Caring for the Unfit Horse
- All horse people, at one time or another, are faced
- caring for an undeweight or out of condition horse.
- find out the past feeding program that the horse has been on.
- If the horse has not been on a proper feeding program,
- All horse people have their own favorite feed mixture,
- With every horse that arrives at our barn, we request one bag
- At the same time we are acclimating the horse to our feed we also begin to raise the feed for
- A horse can be underweight for a variety of reasons.
- Get the horse tube wormed, its teeth floated, and have it
[Abstract]
Haflinger Draft Pony -- does it have pony digestion or draft horse digestion? - http://www.draftresource.com/chat/messages/254.html
- Draft Pony -- does it have pony digestion or draft horse digestion?
- Does it have pony digestion or draft horse digestion?
- Does it have pony digestion or draft horse digestion? : I read that you have to be really careful
[Abstract]
FOOD AND WATER FOR THE DISTANCE HORSE- Heat Part 3 - http://www.worldpath.net/~lcrowley/ectra/heatpart3.htm
- FOOD AND WATER FOR THE DISTANCE HORSE- Heat Part 3
- sources and hydration are essential to preparing a distance horse to handle heat.
- solid grounding in the basics of feeding a distance horse.
- many conditioning and competitive miles with a given horse.
- First, let me talk a bit about the horse' s digestive tract.
- The horse is monogastric - meaning that he has only one
- The horse' s stomach only holds about four gallons, and even
- flow of food is key to digestive efficiency in the horse.
- If a horse gets small grain meals and eats at least 1 to 2 percent
- This means that a 1,000-pound horse should eat 10-20 pounds of grass, hay, or other fibrous
[Abstract]
http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/BL_GR310.txt
- Alfalfa/Grass: Premium quality horse hay 95.
[Abstract]
Feeding Your Horse - http://www.cvm.uiuc.edu/ceps/petcolumns/feeding.html
- Feeding Your Horse
- FEEDING YOUR HORSE TO AVOID PROBLEMS
- Proper mineral balance is also very important in the horse's diet at all stages of life.
- " The heat of fermentation will keep the horse warm.
- Corn gives energy, not extra heat, to a horse," he notes.
- Over-conditioning (fat) is hard on your horse.
- It also adds to the general wear and tear on the horse's body.
- warns, " Never feed 'screenings' or 'fines' to a horse.
- Scoggins gives for horse owners are: 1) Don't store greater than a two-week
- 7) Don't grain a horse within one hour of hard work (either before or after
[Abstract]
eHow to Feed a Horse in a Stable - http://www.ehow.com/eHow/eHow/0,1053,10765,00.html
- eHow to Feed a Horse in a Stable
- Know how to properly feed your horse and she'll maintain her lustrous coat and confident
- - nothing is more important than maintaining your horse's good health through proper nutrition.
- Buy Your First Horse
- Care for a Horse in a Pasture
- Determine what type of hay your horse prefers.
- Start off feeding your horse alfalfa or oat, and gradually introduce different types
- If the horse refuses to eat it, return to the original hay.
- Once you determine what your horse likes best, stick with it.
- Be sure the hay you give your horse isn't newly cut.
[Abstract]
Fescue in your horse's diet - http://www.dclahdvm.com/articles/diet.htm
- Fescue in your horse's diet
- Fescue in the Horse's Diet
- is not the fescue grass itself that is toxic to the horse, but rather an endophytic fungus known as
- When the horse ingests the grass, it is steadily poisoned by the endophyte.
- Because of the horse's extreme sensitivity to the toxin, fields with as
- PROBLEMS IN THE HORSE
- associated with endophyte-infected fescue relate to the horse's reproductive performance.
- , Horse Business Group 1401 S.
[Abstract]
Horse Heaven Feed Shop! - http://expage.com/page/horseheavenfeedshop
- Horse Heaven Feed Shop!
[Abstract]
Arkansas Democrat-Gazette Classified - Feed & Supplies - http://www.ardemgaz.com/classun/c0730.htm
- horse hay, 12% protein, J.
- HAY, HORSE,
- pound rolls, net wrap, good horse or cow high protein feed.
[Abstract]
Rural Heritage - Virtual Vet - http://www.ruralheritage.com/vet_clinic/virtualvet_view.cgi?top=1774&followup=1
- (A draft animal is a horse, mule, ox or other animal put into harness or under
- Provided this horse has healthy kidneys and liver (which most older horses
- If the horse needs to gain weight, alfalfa may be just the thing.
- grass hay may allow more hay to be fed to give the horse something to munch on longer without adding as many
- Of course, if this horse has been on grass hay you will want to switch gradually
[Abstract]
EquineCanada Magazine - Fall 99 - Horse Management - Winter preparations - http://www.equinecanada.com/cgi-bin/WebWhizz.exe/fall99/eq_magazine_management.h...
- EquineCanada Magazine - Fall 99 - Horse Management - Winter preparations
- Horse Management
- Canadian Horse Industry Profile
- Canadian Horse Industry Survey
- A horse with a heavy hair coat or sufficient blanketing can
- If you are blanketing your horse, make sure the blankets are clean and in
- Remember, eating hay will generate heat in your horse, so if possible increase the amount of forage
- your horse is receiving.
- means that a 1,200 pound (545 kilogram) horse needs from 6 to 7 gallons (23 to 26 litres)
- Your horse cannot take in enough moisture by ingesting
[Abstract]
North Carolina Dept of Agriculture & Consumer Services - Hay Buyers - http://www.ncagr.com/stats/buyhay.htm
- Type of Hay: Orchard(horse quality)
- Other Information: Looking for good horse quality hay for reasonable price.
- Comments: Have 30-horse Farm And Need Hay Throughout The Year.
- Must Have Horse Quality.
- I Need Good Quality Horse Hay With No Fescue.
- Comments: Horse Hay, Nothing With Dust
- Type:Orchard Grass, Timothy, Fescue - Horse Quality
- Type: Horse Quality
- Type: Horse Quality Orchard Grass, Alfalfa, Alfalfa Mix, Coastal
- Type: Alfala Horse Quality
[Abstract]
Abstracts
Contains 53 items.
- Selecting Hay - Know Your Horse's Needs - http://www.equijournal.com/equijournal/hay.shtml
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Article by Thomas R. With the weather turning cooler be sure you have plenty of good-quality hay for the winter. Horses are browsing herbivores designed to live primarily on forages or plants. About 65 percent of the horse's digestive capacity is the large intestine cecum and colon where bacteria break down fibrous feed into nutrients to be absorbed. Because of the horse's unique digestive system forage should form the basis of any feeding program. Grain that is digested and absorbed in the stomach and small intestine doesn't fit especially well into the horse's digestive system. To guarantee proper digestive tract function horses must receive a minimum of one percent of their body weight per day in long-stem forage grass or hay A 1 000-pound horse should receive at least 10-15 pounds of hay each day. Because horses are designed to graze most of their waking hours and feed is intended to pass through their intestinal tracts in small quantities at a slow rate their digestive track has a unique feature no gall bladder. Animals designed to eat one or two large meals each day store digestive enzymes in their gall bladder and release them following a large meal. Because horses lack gall bladders and continuously release small amounts of bile into the intestine they digest their feed better and more efficiently if allowed access to grass or free-choice hay. For healthy digestion horses also must consume fiber to ensure adequate chewing time saliva production and a healthy rate of food passing through the digestive tract. Legumes and grasses Forage should have a particle size greater than one-half inch in length. Anything less than that such as pelleted feed can lead to digestive upsets and behavior problems such as chewing wood and cribbing. Legumes are usually higher in protein and calcium than the grasses but might not differ much in energy or phosphorus levels. Of the legumes alfalfa is most commonly fed to horses and is particularly good for young horses and nursing broodmares because of its high protein content. Warm-season grasses commonly harvested for hay include bahia grass Bermuda grass pangolo grass and Johnson grass. When idle adult horses and other horses with lower protein requirements are fed alfalfa excess protein is broken down and nitrogen is excreted in the urine as urea. Because of the increase in urination many owners mistakenly believe alfalfa causes kidney damage. Blister beetles and other concerns Alfalfa has a serious potential problem It can be contaminated with blister beetles. When a hay conditioner or crimper is used to cut and process alfalfa blister beetles can be crushed in the hay stems. The insects contain cantharidin a toxin that damages the lining of the mouth and digestive tract and usually leads to death. First-cutting alfalfa and hay that has been cut with a sickle bar instead of a conditioner has a much lower incidence of blister beetle contamination. To assure alfalfa is not contaminated with blister beetles buy from a reputable hay dealer who guarantees the hay to be free of the insects. Red clover and lespedeza also are legumes with excellent nutrient content but can pose problems to horses. Much of the tall fescue in the United States contains the fungus Acremomium coenophialum which grows inside the plant and can cause severe reproductive problems in mares. Broodmares consuming infected tall fescue can experience prolonged gestation thickened placentas retained placentas lack of milk production weakened or stillborn foals and difficult foaling. Several varieties of fungus-free tall fescue can be used to reseed infected pastures. Nutritional classifications When selecting hay compare the needs of the horse with the nutrient content of the hay. Depending on the animal's use 50-100 percent of the horse's nutrient requirement can be met by hay. Because there are roughly five nutritional classifications of horses determine where your horse belongs before you select hay. Maintenance The majority of adults mature horses maintaining their body weight that are not pregnant lactating breeding or working hard fit into this class. These horses often can meet their nutritional requirements from consuming a clean 10-percent crude protein grass hay a mineral source and water. Pregnant mares During the first two-thirds of her pregnancy a mare has the same nutritional requirement as an adult in the maintenance class because her fetus has not begun to make nutritional demands. Owners frequently make the mistake of increasing the amount of feed when they determine mares are pregnant. Although most mares get along well on pasture or a grass-hay diet during the first two-thirds of gestation they might require a switch to legume hay grain supplementation or both during the last one-third of their pregnancy. Lactating mares During the three months after foaling mares can produce daily milk quantities equal to three percent of their body weight. Additional requirements of milk production increase a mare's energy needs by about 80 percent above maintenance for the first three months of lactation and 50 percent above maintenance for an additional three months. Nursing mares require a 14-percent crude protein diet and should receive grain supplementation during the early lactation period even when they are on good legume hay. Overfeeding can create serious bone developmental problems while underfeeding can cause permanent stunting. To play it safe consult an equine nutritionist or veterinarian when formulating a diet for rapidly growing young horses. Realizing the tremendous variation among individual horses in the amount of feed required to maintain their body condition is important. Each horse's body condition should constantly be re-evaluated with adjustments made frequently. Questions about feeding horses should be directed to a state extension equine nutritionist or a veterinarian. Another excellent source of common sense information about equine nutrition is The Horse Industry Handbook published by the American Youth Horse Council.
  [Contents]
- Horse Pasture.html - http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/CASDEPT/AGRONOMY/Forage/docs/pastures/horsepasture.h...
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Pasture and Hay for Horses Basics of Horse Nutrition Pasture for Horses Hay for Horses Health Concerns when Feeding Forages to Horses Download the Pasture and Hay for Horses document in Adobe PDF format. Return to PSU Forage Home Page Additional pasture information via the Forage Information System FIS Please note Penn State University Forages on the World Wide Web WWW is under construction. Information is incomplete and linkages to local or remote sites may not work but construction is being completed as fast as possible. Feed costs can be minimized by keeping the horse healthy and by feeding a balanced ration that meets the horses nutritional needs. More myths are associated with feeding horses than with feeding most other animals. Horses naturally use forages as a primary component of their diets. Adequate forages are a basic necessity for normal functioning of the horses digestive system. This requirement for forages is most easily supplied by pasture and hay. The anatomy of the horse's digestive tract restricts effective digestion and utilization of low quality forages that are high in fiber. Therefore a premium should be placed on using high-quality forages in the horse's diet. Ideally horses should consume a minimum of 1 percent of their body weight in hay or pastures each day. Mature horses performing minimal or no work can be maintained on high quality forages without supplementing their diet with grain. However growing breeding or working horses require supplementing the forage with a grain or concentrate to meet their additional nutrient requirements. As a general rule forages should supply one half or more of the total weight of the feed consumed daily for optimum horse growth and development. Forages can provide varying amounts of the nutrient requirements depending on the forage quality and amount consumed. The nutrient content of the forage and concentrate in the horse's diet must be known to properly balance the diet. High-quality properly-fenced pasture represents one of the best and least expensive sources of summer feed for a horse. In addition a well kept pasture can provide the most natural and healthy environment for exercise and rest. In fact good pasture alone is sufficient to meet all of the nutritional requirements for many classes of horses. Yet poorly-managed pastures supply little or no feed and are frequently the source of many internal parasites. However with limited pasture pasture acreage rotational grazing systems are the most effective method to maximize forage production and consumption. Kentucky bluegrass withstands close and continuous grazing better than most other grasses and when well established and properly fertilized it produces a reasonably dense and attractive sod. Pasture Improvement If you already have good stands of desirable grass and legume species proper soil fertility combined with good management will be sufficient to assure good horse pasture. Yields on many pastures can be doubled simply by applying lime and fertilizer. Liming and topdressing Kentucky bluegrass pastures with phosphate potash and nitrogen costs much less and is less work than complete pasture renovation. Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil test results and recommendations. Soil testing kits and information on how to take samples are available through your local extension agricultural agent. The response is often slow when you apply lime and fertilizer on the surface of established pastures. It may take 1 to 3 years depending largely on the lime needs and species present in the pasture before your pasture sod is thick and productive again. If you don't have a good stand of desirable species you may want to renovate the pasture by destroying the existing plants and planting productive mixtures. This procedure usually results in the highest yield increase per acre but will also be relatively expensive to complete. If you plan to renovate an old pasture you should consider the following points 1. Select a seed mixture that complements the pasture drainage characteristics. Destroy or suppress the old pasture by plowing or use of herbicides. Where recommended mixtures are seeded without a companion crop and weeds are controlled new seedings can become established in a single year. While it is generally considered less palatable than bluegrass tall fescue produces one of the toughest and heavy traffic sods of any adapted grass. Toxins associated with this fungus can cause lowered reproductive rates abortion agalactia lack of milk and prolonged gestation with mares. Pasture Management Whether you improve your pastures by the use of lime and fertilizer or by reseeding sound management is essential to keep the desired species persistent and productive. They will seriously damage desired species in some areas unless they are moved into new pastures frequently. This system helps to keep the legumes and grasses growing better and increases the feed available per acre. In addition by rotating the horses from pasture to pasture you can break the life cycle of some parasites. Clip pastures regularly during the growing season Clipping at a height of 2 to 3 inches after horses are moved to a new paddock helps to control weeds prevent grasses from heading and in general keeps the pasture in a more desirable condition. Drag pastures with a chain link harrow at least once per year Dragging helps to spread manure droppings which reduces the parasite populations by exposing them to air and sunlight. Apply fertilizer as needed Improved horse pastures must be fertilized annually if legumes and grasses are to persist and remain productive. The fertilizer to use depends on the pasture species present. This type of hay is usually rich in energy protein minerals and vitamins and is readily consumed by horses. In general well managed legume-grass hays are higher in protein and minerals than straight grasses under similar management. However protein and mineral levels are readily changed by time of cutting and other hay-making practices. With good management most hay species or mixtures can be satisfactory for horses. Alfalfa hay while normally high in protein may contain an excessive amount of calcium in relationship to phosphorus wide Ca P ratio when fed as the sole source of forage to young growing horses. For more information on testing the quality of forages check with your local county agricultural extension agent. In general simple mixtures consisting of a single legume such as alfalfa and a single grass such as timothy are preferred over straight legume or straight grass seedings. The Penn State Agronomy Guide is an excellent source of information on species and mixture selection. Where soil test information is not available topdress legume-grass stands annually with a minimum of 50 pounds of phosphate and 150 lbs. Today a number of chemical preservatives are being marketed which if properly applied at the time of baling make it possible to bale and store hay safely at moistures up to 25 percent. Research indicates that hay treated with most chemical preservatives is safe to feed to horses as long as no dust or mold is present. Horses are extremely susceptible to molds fungi and other sources of toxic substances in forage. This is especially a problem with first cutting hay because it is harvested during a period of time when it rains frequently and the weather conditions are less than ideal for hay drying. In addition to molds and fungi some forage species contain chemical compounds that can have negative health effects on horses. Sudangrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids contain compounds which can cause muscle weakness urinary problems and death in severe cases. Mares are especially sensitive to the health problems associated with tall fescue. Another health problem could occur when horses are fed hay that contains blister beetles. is most generally associated with the potential to contain blister beetles. Ornamental shrubs and nightshade are the most common poisonous plants in Pennsylvania. However any plant that is known to be poisonous to other animals is probably poisonous to horses. However many poisonous plants are not palatable and horses will not eat them unless there is inadequate forage available to meet their needs. Comerford associate professor of agronomy and instructor of dairy and animal science respectively. Return to PSU Forage Home Page This WWW page was developed by Marvin H.
  [Contents]
- Re: I feed grass hay - http://www.warmbloods.net/nutrish/_disc109/00000443.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Contents Search Post Reply Next Previous Up Re I feed grass hay. Remote Name 205.188.200.138. I mix some Alfalfa in because it has usefull nutrients. Several equine nutritionalists I have used agree with the Timothy and Alfalfa hays.
  [Contents]
- The Horse Interactive -- Sports Medicine Feb. 1998 - http://www.thehorse.com/0298/sports_medicine.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: The Horse Interactive Sports Medicine Feb. ESSENTIAL HORSE HOME February 1998 Features Index Sports Medicine Home THE SCOOP KNOWLEDGE BANK THI HOME February 1998 Sports Medicine Warming Up In Winter By Mimi Porter Laurie Cerny Feed high-quality forages on a free-choice basis every day through the winter. Before the summer Olympic Games were held in Atlanta Ga. As I searched the research literature in preparation to write this column I found that very little work has been done on the effects of cold weather on horses. If we are to help our horses withstand the stresses of cold weather we must understand the metabolic demands brought on by exposure to low temperatures dampness and wind. There is a consensus of opinion about the most appropriate diet for the horse when exposed to cold temperatures. The horse's energy requirements increase as the temperature drops and a higher caloric intake is needed to meet the increased metabolic needs. Because corn metabolism produces more calories than oat metabolism it is often thought that one should increase the amount of corn fed during winter. Continuous feeding sustains a higher metabolic rate and distributes the heat produced by nutrient metabolism and the muscular activity of digestion more regularly over a 24-hour period. Cold weather associated with rain causes significant evaporative heat loss. Are there guidelines for feeding the horse during winter that will help us to meet his energy needs I put this question to Amy Gill of Equine Marketing and Consulting in Versailles Ky. She provided the following information based on scientific data from nutritional studies check The critical temperature below which horses must begin to use calories to maintain body core temperature called thermoregulation is 10 C 14 F When the temperature is above 14 F there is no increase in energy requirement needed to maintain body temperature in a maintenance level horse which is not gestating lactating growing or in work and is not subject to windy or wet weather. check The 500 kg 1 100 lb horse will experience a 35 increase in metabolic rate and heat production to stay warm once the temperature falls below 10 C 14 F For every degree centigrade the temperature drops below this level one must increase the digestive energy or calories by 2.5 For that 500 kg horse you would increase his caloric intake by 408 Mcal of digestible energy daily. That fiber provides the same fermentation action in the gut as hay providing more internal combustion and warmth although lower nutrition. To increase your horse's feed ration to compensate for the need to stay warm you would increase your horse's daily ration by nearly one-half pound of oats or by one-third pound corn to get the necessary increase in mega calories. If your maintenance level horse already was getting plenty of feed daily and you are hesitant about increasing the quantity you could substitute one-sixth pound corn oil 21 2 oz and one-sixth pound corn to get safely the same caloric or digestible energy content when you are already feeding adequate grain. Top dressing oil on the feed rather than increasing the feed quantity supplies two times the calories that grain supplies. Simply throwing additional oats or corn on top of a balanced ration could result in imbalancing the ration cautions Gill. Ask your feed manufacturer about the digestible energy of the ration you feed your horses and have them supply you with the proper increases to avoid waste overfeeding or imbalancing your ration. Newborn foals have high metabolic rates allowing them to tolerate low ambient temperatures. Insulation Against The Cold We know winter truly has arrived when we hear the term wind chill included in the weather report. Insulation derived from muscle and fat can provide vital protection when rain and wind reduce the thermal insulation of the hair coat. I read a very clever idea for assessing your horse's weight despite a thick hair coat written in the Whole Horse Journal Mitch Benson DVM described using a string to measure the circumference of three areas of the body that can reflect as little as 20 pounds of weight change. Because heat loss is greatly accelerated by wind a horse which is turned out must be provided a south-facing bedded shed or other wind shelter. As pointed out previously there is an increase in the resting energy requirement for a horse which is turned out for the winter. Consequently muscle mass provides the body with passive insulation. It would be wise therefore to turn your horse out in good condition muscularly rather than to take the attitude that conditioning can wait for the spring. Muscle mass accounts for a large portion of the maintenance of body temperature. Just as a small furnace cannot adequately warm a large house low muscle mass cannot adequately prevent body temperature loss in cold weather. Having a good-quality hair coat will protect the horse to a lower temperature allowing him to tolerate lower temperatures before thermoregulation begins. Most horses which exercise in cold weather are routinely clipped along their abdomen and chest to facilitate evaporative cooling. This is commonly seen in Ireland and many Irish trainers have brought the custom to America. It is a beautiful sight to see a group of horses going out to train in the early morning their breath floating around them in clouds of crystallized moisture wearing neatly folded quarter sheets on their hind quarters. A clipped horse which is used to wearing a blanket will be cold when he is not wearing that blanket. When you clip and blanket your horse you are entering a contract with him to provide for his thermoregulation as the weather varies. He also must be checked daily for even the best-fitting blanket will move out of place and could cause rubbing or get tangled around the horse's legs. Blowing the horse all over without the protection of blankets to hold in some body heat effectively increases the evaporative cooling and could cause a chill. Muscle Exercise And Cold Weather Exercising in cold weather presents a special challenge to muscle function as well as to the cardiopulmonary system of the horse and human alike. This could lead to higher lactate levels and greater rates of muscle glycogen depletion. This means the muscles could reach fatigue sooner and have a greater amount of post-exercise muscle soreness. To avoid early fatigue and post-exercise muscle soreness pay greater attention to your warm up and cool down routines during the winter. Include longer bouts of walking before exercise in cold weather to enhance blood flow through the muscles. Blood flow increases muscle temperature and oxygenation of the muscle cells facilitating muscle function. Walking for extended periods before athletic exercise will improve oxygen delivery and waste product removal benefiting the entire muscle. A larger heavily muscled horse will require longer to become fully ready for an increase in muscle exercise simply due to the greater amount of body mass. Reduced peripheral blood flow brought on by cold weather might leave the joints tendons and ligaments more stiff than in milder weather. Taking adequate time to warm these structures will aid in injury prevention by increasing flexibility and extensibility of these structures. This should be followed by walking under saddle to ensure that your horse's muscles are fully ready for increased work. The next step in a warm-up is to increase the speed of movement by trotting. Trotting increases the stretch of the connective tissues and recruits more muscle fibers into work. As the horse acclimates fully to slow trotting proceed to a more brisk pace to increase the oxygen demands from the muscles. By gradually increasing the exercise stress the additional stress brought on by cold weather can be tolerated. Scientists looked at the effects of exercise at near-maximal tolerance levels in temperatures as low as 25 C 13 F and found no evidence of tissue damage in the horse's respiratory tract or musculature. This report would indicate that cold temperatures alone would not prohibit safe exercise if the horse is otherwise well cared for. Cooldown After the exercise bout is finished the cooldown should be a mirror image of the warm-up. A gradual cooldown allows the body temperature to decline more slowly. To avoid excess lactate in the muscles mild sport-specific activities followed by trotting then walking and finally walking on a loose rein will allow capillaries in the muscles to dilate and remove the waste products of exercise. As with the warm-up the walking phase is vitally important in cold weather. Walking maintains capillary circulation in the muscles so radiant cooling takes place rather than evaporative cooling reducing the need for sweating. Once the tack is removed and the horse has acclimated to in-hand walking manual stretches will complete the cooldown. Manual stretches have become a well-accepted means of maintaining or increasing joint range of motion in the horse and should be included in every cooldown. Stretching exercises are described in my book Equine Sports Therapy and will be discussed in future columns. April 1998 The information from Amy Gill an equine nutritionist with Equine Marketing and Consulting contained in the February Sports Medicine column should have included the following facts Horses fare extremely well in cold temperatures. The critical temperature below which horses must begin to use calories to maintain body core temperature called thermoregulation is 10 C 14 F well below that of people When the temperature is above 14 F there is no increase in energy requirement needed to maintain body temperature in a maintenance level horse which is not gestating lactating growing or working and is not subject to windy or wet weather. This information applies to the maintenance level horse and should be considered as a basic guideline for the average horse. The 500 kg 1 100 lb horse will experience a 35 increase in metabolic rate and heat production to stay warm once the temperature falls below 10 C 14 F For every degree centigrade the temperature drops below this one must increase the digestible energy DE or calories by 2.5 In other words for the 500 kg horse you will increase his caloric intake by 0.408 Mcal one Mcal is equal to 1 000 calories of digestible energy daily. The very best way to accomplish this is by supplementing with good quality grass hay such as timothy or orchardgrass which generally provides around 0.8 Mcal per pound. With this information determine how many pounds of hay you are feeding how much DE the horse is deriving from that amount of hay then increase accordingly to meet the increased requirements in cold weather. Some horses still might need additional supplementation by increasing the concentrate grain mix portion of the ration they can only eat so much hay At that point you need to know the digestible energy content of the concentrate. Every feed ingredient has a specific quantity of DE per pound and various mixtures of different ingredients produce concentrates with varying levels of DE. For example to compensate of the increased energy requirements described previously you would feed an extra half-pound oats or one-third pound corn to provide an extra 500 calories. If your maintenance level horse already is getting plenty of concentrate daily and you are concerned about increasing it any further substituting one-sixth pound 21 2 oz of corn oil also provides about 500 calories. Fats contain nearly twice the calories of grain and adding them to the ration is a safe way to add calories without having to increase soluable carbohydrates to provide additional energy. This helps reduce the risk of metabolic disturbances which can result in conditions such as tying-up laminitis or colic. Gill also mentions that Simply throwing additional oats or corn on top of a balanced concentrate ration could result in an unbalanced diet which is undesirable. Because grains contain other feed nutrients besides energy such as proteins vitamins and minerals it is important to feed a concentrate that is already balanced. Ask your feed manufacturer about the nutrient levels of the product you are using. Generally it is a pre-mixed concentrate and you can increase as needed and still have all the nutrients being fed in the correct proportions. Mimi Porter About The Author Mimi Porter lives in Lexington Ky. Prior to that she spent 10 years as an athletic trainer at the University of Kentucky where many of her concepts on equine rehabilitation were formed. The Scoop The Essential Horse Knowledge Bank Contact Us Subscribe Advertise 1998 The Horse.
  [Contents]
- Horse Haven Equine Rescue - http://members.nbci.com/HorseHaven/horseh.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Horse Haven Equine Rescue. This Horse Haven is for those horses that are no longer wanted abused mistreated or just seeking a peaceful retirement. Every horse deserves to life out life in a comfortable peaceful manner and to be put down when there is no longer a good quality of life. Depending on the needs of the animal they are grained anywhere from 1 to 6 times a day have free choice pasture free choice coastal bermuda grass hay. We want changes made in both state and federal laws governing things such as transportation of horses especially for the meat buyers. Mandatory health papers for every horse going through an auction stricter laws governing auctions and sales such as photocopy of driver's license and signed statement saying you legally own the animal that you are selling. We are currently searching for a lawyer in or around Elko Georgia who would be willing to donate time to helping us achieve a non-profit status. Contact Us Rescue Links Bulletin Board Equines Saved Main Page Stolen Horse Network hrseheaven@aol.com For problems with this page contact the webmistress Copyright 1998 Horse Haven and the Stolen Horse Network.
  [Contents]
- feed - http://tqjunior.thinkquest.org/3887/feed.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: We interviewed someone who feeds their horse 4 times a day. She gives her horse the same amount of food but in smaller amounts at a time. Horses have small stomachs so that can only eat a little bit at a time. No Work Light Work Medium Work Hard Work Bulk or Hay Grass Grain Feeding a Horse Interesting horse facts Parts of a horse Fences Word Search Taking Care of Your Horse Jobs Horses Do Tack Add to or Read Message Board Bibliography Contents Entrance.
  [Contents]
- Sudan Grass Hay - http://www.warmbloods.net/nutrish/_disc109/0000046c.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Contents Search Post Reply Next Previous Up Sudan Grass Hay. Remote Name 167.216.183.254. Does anyone have any thoughts or opinions Have you fed this type of hay Last changed October 26 2000 copyright 1996-2000 c WSG and the author s All rights reserved.
  [Contents]
- Don't be ... - http://warmbloods.net/isr2/_disc136/0000008f.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Don't be ISR OLD N.A Oldenburg Archives The Warmblood Horse Contents Search Post Reply Next Previous Up Don't be From Tracy Scheinkman. Remote Name 205.188.198.179. There are trolls abounding who are trying to keep everyone fighting. Sarah Ralston has found out something very interesting about OCD that I think will also apply to other developmental orthopedic diseases such as epiphysitis and CEM. That is that youngsters who develope OCD are insulin resistant this is shown on blood tests as them have two times or more greater amounts of insulin in their blood than is normal. According to her research the level of insulin falls when the youngsters are taken off any feed containing simple sugars and short-chain carbohydrates sweet feeds any feed that has added sugars possibly also grains and fed hay particularly grass hay and a simple vitamin mineral supplement that has no added sugars. Tracy Scheinkman Misty Mountain Arabian Sport Horses Tucson AZ http hometown.aol.com arabs4sprt Arabs4sprt.html Last changed September 16 1999.
  [Contents]
- Horse Nutrition Forum TOC - http://www.warmbloods.net/nutrish/Default.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Contents Search Post LINKS The Warmblood Horse CONTENTS. Source for non-alfalfa hay cubes Jennifer 2 13 01 Actually there are better solutions than hay cubes Dianna 2 13 01 Re Source for non-alfalfa hay cubes kulacrosse 2 13 01 anyone using Accel Lifetime jill 2 12 01 high fat low carb EPSM diet and young growing horses anyone doing it pintosport@juno.com 2 12 01 Re high fat low carb EPSM diet and young growing horses anyon. JB 2 12 01 Amen any oil with less carbs will help Dianna 2 13 01 Well if you look at it this way a horse is genetically Dianna 2 12 01 2yr old quarter horse rests front pastern forward sue 2 12 01 2yr old quarter horse rests front pastern forward concerned 2 12 01 Re 2yr old quarter horse rests front pastern forward Jackie 2 12 01 Gro-N-Win vs PN nutrition esruggs 2 11 01 Alfalfa or Oat Hay jimgbaum@home.com 2 11 01 Alfalfa or oat hay jimgbaum@home.com 2 11 01 Re Alfalfa or oat hay BH 2 14 01 Re Alfalfa or oat hay jackie 2 11 01 60 40 should be good. 2 13 01 re-alfalfa 2 10 01 re-alfalfa 2 10 01 re alfalfa 2 9 01 Re re alfalfa 2 10 01 The key to getting a layup into the right mindset is Dianna 2 9 01 Alfalfa patti Heartstone 2 9 01 Re Alfalfa pat 2 9 01 Re Alfalfa patti 2 9 01 wheat crop on land 2 9 01 Our foal has arrived safely. pat 2 9 01 I have 2 questions kate 2 7 01 Re I have 2 questions jackie 2 8 01 Re I have 2 questions jackie 2 8 01 Showing Chaff-a Seminole Feeds product-Anyone know about it Jahibel 2 6 01 stallion horseytreats 2 6 01 It is good for him to become socialized I would Dianna 2 7 01 Re stallion 2 6 01 Stabling stallions together 2 7 01 horse treats horseytreats 2 6 01 One is just as bad as the other for any horse but Dianna 2 7 01 Re One is just as bad as the other for any horse but jackie 2 8 01 Jackie actually it is true and I will accept the information Dianna 2 8 01 Re Jackie actually it is true and I will accept the information Jackie 2 9 01 Yes I will agree it is far more complicated and I also agree that Dianna 2 9 01 Re Jackie actually it is true and I will accept the information Jackie 2 9 01 Re oats verses sweet feed for spooky mare JB 2 6 01 oats verses sweet feed for spooky mare horseytreats 2 6 01 Re oats verses sweet feed for spooky mare rv 2 8 01 Re oats verses sweet feed for spooky mare Patti Heartstone Farm 2 9 01 Patti I couldn't agree with you more. carbs starches which Dianna 2 9 01 I believe the research will show that it is a fact but Dianna 2 12 01 If this is fact'it certainly explains a lot. pat.nom 2 9 01 Rambuss Best Equine adn@flashcom.net 2 4 01 What are you feeding 2 3 01 I have horses ranging from age 4 to age 33 I have Dianna 2 6 01 Re What are you feeding JB 2 5 01 Re loose stools second try at posting 2 4 01 advice for broodmare jackie 2 3 01 Loose stools in broodmare due mid-2 3 01 Re Loose stools in broodmare due 2 3 01 Why does everyone want to take away a horse's natural diet of all the hay they can eat plus a trace-mineral and vitamin mix 2 3 01 Because my horses are not natural and are far from being Dianna 2 5 01 Re Why does everyone want to take away a horse's natural diet of. 2 3 01 Young warmblood dropping weight KMA 2 2 01 Young horses especially warmbloods do require a lot Dianna 2 5 01 Re Young horses especially warmbloods do require a lot KMA 2 10 01 Re Young warmblood dropping weight pat 2 3 01 Re Young warmblood dropping weight Kelly 2 2 01 Re Young warmblood dropping weight Shannon 2 3 01 Re Young warmblood dropping weight Mary E. Alicia 1 30 01 Anyone used hormones ieDepo-Prov on mares confused 1 26 01 Re Anyone used hormones ieDepo-Prov on mares 1 29 01 Re Anyone used hormones ieDepo-Prov on mares Paula 1 29 01 Re Anyone used hormones ieDepo-Prov on mares Carey 1 28 01 Re Anyone used hormones ieDepo-Prov on mares Lynn 1 27 01 Re Anyone used hormones ieDepo-Prov on mares C-HBF 1 26 01 I need help with feeding 1 25 01 Congratulations this is a very exciting time. but Dianna 1 25 01 Re I need help with feeding JB 1 25 01 Re I need help with feeding Bonnie 1 25 01 What Are Prodigy Shots nom 1 28 01 Re I need help with feeding 1 25 01 LOCATION JACKIE 1 25 01 re fat-cat Bonnie 1 24 01 Is FAT-CAT used for Muscle Building growth Bonnie 1 24 01 Re Is FAT-CAT used for Muscle Building growth 1 24 01 Re Feeding enzymes vs. protein serves no benefit 1 24 01 Re Feeding enzymes vs. protein serves no benefit Bonnie 1 25 01 Re Feeding enzymes vs. protein serves no benefit 1 25 01 Re Is FAT-CAT used for Muscle Building growth JB 1 24 01 Re Is FAT-CAT used for Muscle Building growth Carey 1 24 01 What is MSM used for nom JA 1 22 01 Re What is MSM used for nom 1 22 01 Re MSM and or Glucosamine nadine 1 24 01 Re MSM and or Glucosamine Ros 1 30 01 Re MSM and or Glucosamine nadine 2 1 01 Is one brand better than another also. Oakstable@aol.com 1 25 01 I located this article a while back and Dianna 1 25 01 Plaindealer-please email me with info re products MSM etc. Pelleted grain Solarchic 1 23 01 Re Sweet feed vs. I know many people that feed complete feed in addition to hay. more 1 26 01 Compared Feeds 1 25 01 Re Compared Feeds Kelly 1 28 01 Re Compared Feeds JA 1 26 01 Phosphorus replacement 1 21 01 Re Phosphorus replacement Tannenwald Trakehner 1 27 01 Re Phosphorus replacement kulacrosse 1 26 01 Re Phosphorus replacement jackie 1 22 01 Re Phosphorus replacement JB 1 22 01 Anyone used Opt-E-Horse Bonnie 1 20 01 Re Anyone used Opt-E-Horse Tannenwald Trakehner 1 27 01 Re Anyone used Opt-E-Horse Karin 1 20 01 Compressed alfalfa oat cubes for main diet. the biggest important thing was that NO hay in any way Jennifer 1 20 01 Like I said this isn't my idea or belief but it does make sense Dianna 1 22 01 Jennifer I remember a series of discussions on COPD Dianna 1 19 01 Re Jennifer I remember a series of discussions on COPD Jennifer 1 23 01 Re What to feed aged horse with heaves 1 19 01 Re What to feed aged horse with heaves Jennifer 1 19 01 Re What to feed aged horse with heaves Jackie 1 19 01 Re What to feed aged horse with heaves 1 19 01 Re What to feed aged horse with heaves kulacrosse 1 26 01 Re What to feed aged horse with heaves Jennifer 2 2 01 Re What to feed aged horse with heaves 1 19 01 Re What to feed aged horse with heaves JB 1 19 01 Dehydrated alfalfa from Purina 1 17 01 Feeding Broodmare how do you calculate calcium phosphorous ratio Paula 1 17 01 Re Feeding Broodmare how do you calculate calcium phosphorous r. 1 17 01 Re Feeding Broodmare how do you calculate calcium phosphoro. Paula 1 17 01 Re Feeding Broodmare how do you calculate calcium phosphorous r. 1 17 01 Feeding Broodmare how do you calculate calcium phosphorous ratio Paula 1 17 01 Sorry about the double post nm Paula 1 17 01 Good prepurchase results Oakstable@aol.com 1 17 01 How much B-1 Mika 1 17 01 Re How much B-1 JA 1 21 01 P.S. nm 1 17 01 Dicalcium Phosphate 1 16 01 Re Dicalcium Phosphate Tannenwald Trakehner 1 27 01 Re Dicalcium Phosphate Joy 1 19 01 Re Dicalcium Phosphate jackie 1 17 01 Re Dicalcium Phosphate 1 16 01 All-around general supplement question 1 16 01 Re All-around general supplement question M Martin 1 26 01 Re All-around general supplement question Joy 1 19 01 Re All-around general supplement question Muley 1 18 01 Re DUH I ment Select II O brain fart.nmsg Muley 1 19 01 I really like the VitaFlex products and a research friend Dianna 1 17 01 Re All-around general supplement question JB 1 17 01 Hay analysis can be done for about 20 and can save you hundreds or thousands of dollars. more 1 16 01 Feeding a growing 2 YR QH filly Bonnie 1 13 01 Broodmares Monica 1 12 01 Re Broodmares 1 15 01 Re Broodmares jackie 1 16 01 Re Broodmares 1 15 01 Answering this question and the one about the shiny coat Dianna 1 12 01 Broodmares Monica 1 12 01 Shinning coat.What to feed Monica 1 12 01 A well balanced diet balanced in fat and low in carbs Dianna 1 12 01 Shinning coat.What to feed Monica 1 12 01 Re Shinning coat.What to feed OAK MEADOW FARM 2 13 01 Oil and Pellets Jennifer Stump 1 12 01 Re Ditto Helen 1 20 01 Re Oil and Pellets Smiling 1 12 01 and thank goodness it finally has. however I don't use Smiling 1 13 01 I use Purina Strategy there are several other approved feeds Dianna 1 16 01 I was just in the feed store today and. however I don't use Shannon 1 13 01 Actually there is a tremendous amount of research Dianna 1 16 01 Re 2 yr old filly jackie 1 11 01 Re 2 yr old filly Bonnie 1 12 01 Re 2 yr old filly 1 12 01 Re 2 yr old filly 1 31 01 Re 2 yr old filly Bonnie 1 13 01 Re 2 yr old filly 1 13 01 Re 2 yr old filly Bonnie 1 14 01 Re 2 yr old filly Bonnie 1 14 01 2 yr old filly Bonnie 1 10 01 Building muscles Val 1 10 01 Re Building muscles 1 12 01 Re Building muscles Bonnie 1 21 01 Yep try to get at least 20 of his daily Dianna 1 10 01 Re Building muscles Bonnie 1 10 01 Help Make her eat fatten up look good ThAnKs Everyone another one from Brit 1 10 01 How young Is she really skinny or gangly and adolescent looking 1 12 01 Re How young Is she really skinny or gangly and adolescent loo. href disc109 000006bc.htm name 000006bc New shoes Lame horse BRIT 1 9 01 Britt when you touch her feet do any of them Dianna 1 9 01 Re Britt to add to Dianna's suggestion. Muley 1 9 01 Wood chewing GJG 1 9 01 Re Wood chewing Kelly 1 17 01 Re Wood chewing GJG 1 18 01 Re Wood chewing Oakstable@aol.com 1 12 01 I'd recommend wood but NOT DIESEL I know it is said that they must be missing minerals 1 9 01 other trees Teri 1 10 01 Re Wood chewing pat 1 9 01 Re Wood chewing GJG 1 9 01 Re Wood chewing GJG 1 9 01 Re Hey Pat It's raining here today Muley 1 9 01 Re Hay prices again. pat 1 9 01 North and South bugs 1 9 01 Re wow Muley 1 9 01 I'm still giggling over your comments. pat 1 9 01 Moquitos and Alfalfa the perfect food Jackie 1 9 01 Moquitos and Alfalfa the perfect food Jackie 1 9 01 Re Moquitos and Alfalfa the perfect food pat 1 9 01 Re Moquitos and Alfalfa the perfect food jackie 1 10 01 Re Moquitos and Alfalfa the perfect food pat 1 10 01 Re I'm still giggling over your comments. 1 5 01 Re HORSE FEED PELLETS Carey 1 5 01 Inattentive horse 1 4 01 Re Inattentive horse sharon herbalist 1 5 01 Yes but if you are going to see the change you will see Dianna 1 5 01 Re Inattentive horse tle 1 5 01 Re Inattentive horse Carey 1 4 01 Re Inattentive horse 1 5 01 Re Inattentive horse Carey 1 5 01 Commercial foods in Europe Dianna Heidi 1 3 01 That is odd because broodmares can really use Dianna 1 3 01 Re 20 fat in calories Heidi 1 4 01 As a matter of fact this came up recently in a conversation Dianna 1 4 01 Re 20 fat in calories JB 1 4 01 Re 20 fat in calories www.quovadisstalbe.ca 1 4 01 hay Oakleigh Sporthorses 1 6 01 Re hay 1 7 01 I have e-mailed you but would also like to respond as Dianna 1 4 01 Required No. nm 1 4 01 Selenium levels in NH Robyn 1 2 01 Re Selenium levels in NH 1 4 01 Re How much do they require NOM 1 5 01 Re How much do they require NOM JB 1 5 01 TThe north east is deficient.It's easy to check your horse's levels RH 1 4 01 Linseed Flaxseed 1 2 01 Strategy-Purina website is http judy 1 1 01 Does oil block absorption of vitamins nom 1 1 01 Re Does oil block absorption of vitamins nom M Martin 1 26 01 No it does not. Carey 1 3 01 Re Cost of Hay in San Fran CA area Jennifer Stump 1 2 01 Re Cost of Hay in San Fran CA area Nancy 1 2 01 Re Cost of Hay in San Fran CA area KT 1 1 01 Re Cost of Hay in San Fran CA area Thank you 1 2 01 Re Cost of Hay in San Fran CA area Jennifer Stump 1 2 01 Analysis of grain mixture question Heidi 12 30 00 IMO this is so far from a good mixture especially for Dianna 1 2 01 SB Meal is very safe to feed in small amounts due to 44 protein content. Oakleigh Sporthorses 12 30 00 Feeding Fat Mary at collisi@ibm.net 12 29 00 I buy at the store whatever is on sale I suspect places like Dianna 1 2 01 Feeding advice last 3 mo of pregnancy Whoopie 12 29 00 Re Feeding advice last 3 mo of pregnancy sharon 1 4 01 Re Feeding advice last 3 mo of pregnancy Oakleigh Sporthorses 12 30 00 I would most definitely get her on a diet Dianna 12 29 00 automatic feeders nal 12 29 00 Re automatic feeders Heather 1 7 01 Re automatic feeders NAL 1 9 01 Dianna question regarding feeding vit e QHF 12 28 00 Re Dianna question regarding feeding vit e Karin 12 28 00 Re Dianna question regarding feeding vit e JB 12 28 00 I pulled this down off Dianna 12 28 00 Re I pulled this down off QHF 12 28 00 I'm hooked on the VitaFlex product line. It is very Dianna 12 29 00 Do you have the ingredient list Jennifer Stump 12 29 00 Sorry for not getting back sooner I don't have Internet at home Dianna 1 2 01 I don't have Internet at home either. What does this mean re Calories tle 12 27 00 Re What does this mean re Calories 12 28 00 Thank you nm tle 12 28 00 Don't make this more difficult than it has to be Dianna 12 28 00 found some answers tle 12 28 00 O'kay if she is presently at 25 000 calories with Dianna 12 28 00 Thanks. Valentine answered your question right If not Dianna 12 28 00 Yes she did tle 12 28 00 I hope you find this interesting it is about how a horse uses its energy stores during exercise. on Alfalfa cubes nm Carey 12 26 00 Oil and my mare Karin 12 26 00 Re Oil and my mare Leslie 12 28 00 Re Oil and my mare Karin 12 28 00 Re Oil and my mare Leslie 12 28 00 You are welcome messages like this make all the Dianna 12 26 00 Question about oil.Can it cause cardio vascular problems as it does in humans concerned about long term effects on horses.nom 12 26 00 No there are no long term negative effects horses do not Dianna 12 26 00 Re Question about oil.Can it cause cardio vascular proble. 12 26 00 Why can't horses get clogged arteries 12 26 00 Horses like most other non-primate animals Dianna 12 26 00 Chronic Diahorrea Massive Weightloss HELP Mark@PyrmaidConsultants.Com 12 25 00 Re Chronic Diahorrea Massive Weightloss HELP adn@earthlink.net 2 4 01 Re Chronic Diahorrea Massive Weightloss HELP Carey 12 28 00 Has your vet run titer levels and does this horse have a temperature Dianna 12 26 00 Re Chronic Diahorrea Massive Weightloss HELP 12 26 00 Re Chronic Diahorrea Massive Weightloss HELP kl 12 26 00 Try using Trivetrin NOW and see if it helps. 12 25 00 Help with hay analysis Shelly 12 25 00 Re Help with hay analysis Jennifer Stump 12 26 00 Re Help with hay analysis 12 26 00 Re Help with hay analysis dmb 12 26 00 Re Help with hay analysis dmb 12 26 00 Re Help with hay analysis dmb 12 26 00 horse treats effects on drug tests sarah 12 24 00 Re horse treats effects on drug tests Mary E. 12 25 00 How many horse caretakers get their hay analized for nutritional content as well as vitamins and minerals pat 12 24 00 moldy hay jeffw@nalu.net 12 23 00 Re moldy hay JB 12 26 00 Feeding warmbloods What are the general guidelines 12 22 00 Re Feeding warmbloods What are the general guidelines Daynia K. 12 23 00 I have both and all my horses are on alfalfa the trick Dianna 12 24 00 By the way in all reality there is very little difference when Dianna 12 22 00 Re question on calories for Diane 12 22 00 The guideline is for the average 1000 lb. horse that Dianna 12 22 00 Re I'm SORRY I meant Dianna 12 22 00 Actually it is best to balance their diet protein is not Dianna 12 22 00 Re Feeding warmbloods What are the general guidelines JB 12 22 00 Re Feeding warmbloods What are the general guidelines owner 12 22 00 Re forgot they are both fairly laid back not hot and currently pasture potatoes because of winter 12 22 00 Soybean Meal Barley feed for young horses Paula 12 22 00 Re Soybean Meal Barley feed for young horses qvs 12 22 00 Re Soybean Meal Barley feed for young horses Paula 12 23 00 Re Soybean Meal Barley feed for young horses qvs 12 23 00 Soybean Meal Barley feed for young horses Paula 12 22 00 suggestion jackie 12 22 00 Flaxseed 12 21 00 Re Flaxseed 12 31 00 Re Flaxseed 1 1 01 Re Flaxseed qvs 12 22 00 Re Flaxseed 1 2 01 Grass Hays 12 21 00 Re Grass Hays Daynia K. Jennifer Stump 12 22 00 Has anyone had a positive EPSM test nom 12 21 00 If you really mean EPSM and not EPM Dianna 12 21 00 No I do mean the polysaccharide metablolism and muscle storage disorder. more 12 22 00 These EPSM horses really need to minimally have Dianna 12 24 00 If she can get the horse on i 12 24 00 No I do mean the polysaccharide metablolism and muscle storage disorder. qvs 12 21 00 skinny horse needs to be fattened up Emily 12 20 00 Re skinny horse needs to be fattened up 12 25 00 Re skinny horse needs to be fattened up 12 25 00 Get her teeth checked 1 2 the time that is the problem nm Shannon 12 21 00 The easiest way would be to Dianna 12 20 00 Re The easiest way would be to Karin 12 21 00 Karin yes and here is some information that I received Dianna 12 21 00 The easiest way would be to Dianna 12 20 00 Re The easiest way would be to Emily 12 20 00 It depends on the total amount of Dianna 12 20 00 Re The easiest way would be to emily 12 20 00 You can use corn veg. soya whatever you can Dianna 12 20 00 Re The easiest way would be to 12 20 00 Re The easiest way would be to 12 20 00 Re skinny horse needs to be fattened up 12 20 00 Whoops the post above I thought you might find this interesting should have been here nm Dianna 12 19 00 I thought you might find this interesting Dianna 12 19 00 Calories from feed. 12 19 00 I e-mailed you Dianna 12 19 00 Feeding oil I'm still not getting it Shannon 12 17 00 How about looking at it this way Dianna 12 18 00 Re Feeding oil I'm still not getting it Karin 12 18 00 Isn't that neat but rather than look at it that the Dianna 12 18 00 Re Isn't that neat Thanks Dianne I will try that NM Karin 12 20 00 Re Feeding oil I'm still not getting it 12 18 00 poor foal hindgut flora 12 16 00 Re poor foal hindgut flora Tannenwald Trakehner 12 17 00 Re poor foal hindgut flora Oakstable@aol.com 12 17 00 poor foal hindgut flora 12 16 00 Ephysitis getting frustrated 12 16 00 Re Ephysitis 12 20 00 Re Ephysitis the long story horsevet 12 18 00 Re Ephysitis a question. Muley 12 20 00 Re When to worry about physitis horsevet 12 26 00 Re Ephysitis a question. Getting Frustrated 12 21 00 Re Ephysitis the long story horsevet 12 18 00 Re Ephysitis the long story Getting Frustrated 12 18 00 Re Ephysitis the long story not your fault horsevet 12 26 00. less intake Jessle 12 15 00 Your horse would really benefit from a diet reduced in Dianna 12 18 00 Re More energy. I too had the Dianna 12 15 00 Digesting Dianna Heidi 12 14 00 I am not sure what point you are Dianna 12 14 00 Heidi I didn't mean for that to sound rude or anything Dianna 12 14 00 Re website Heidi 12 14 00 I understand your point except that we have to always Dianna 12 15 00 Horse doesn't need weight gain or extra energy but I really need your help here. 12 14 00 Re Horse doesn't need weight gain or extra energy but I really My Buddy 12 14 00 You could try getting a large syringe and then Dianna 12 14 00 Beet Pulp JA 12 14 00 Re Horse doesn't need weight gain or extra energy but I really Teri 12 14 00 Need weight gain-but. Kopp a veterinarian nutritionalist research penned amy 12 14 00 If you think about it the reason we supplement with Dianna 12 14 00 The vets and nutritionalist I know. jackie 12 23 00 I have to disagree only because I have met several Dianna 12 15 00 reply Jackie 12 22 00 Re Need weight gain-but. oil and yes Kathryn 12 13 00 You're welcome and happy holidays nm Dianna 12 14 00 Overeating grain by accident stories Any experiences out there 12 12 00 Re Overeating grain by accident stories Any experiences out t. Lynda 12 11 00 Go and Win Toni Sutton 12 10 00 Re Go and Win Bonnie 1 17 01 Re Go and Win Debbie 12 10 00 Re Go and Win Bonnie 1 17 01 Nutrena Compete Debbie 12 9 00 recs for feeding a weanling PLEASE 12 9 00 Here is some information from an expert Dianna 12 11 00 Re recs for feeding a weanling PLEASE JB 12 11 00 How fast is too fast for growth in young horses dmb 12 6 00 Fast Track for weanlings horsevet 12 6 00 Re Fast Track for weanlings jackie 12 7 00 I too had a horse like yours DB 12 4 00 Feeding the older WB Senior Feeds nina 12 4 00 Re Feeding the older WB Senior Feeds jackie 12 7 00 Not that one but I would suspect it would be Dianna 12 4 00 Nutrition for 6mos old Hanoverian Filly 12 3 00 These babies actually require a substantial amount Dianna 12 4 00 need info on how the difference in feed is from a Quarter horse to a Throughbred laura 12 3 00 When you change your thinking about feeding so that Dianna 12 4 00 Re need info on how the difference in feed is from a Quarter hor. Purina feeds for warmbloods 12 1 00 I am a Purina user myself but I did pull Dianna 12 1 00 Feeding Beet Pulp What are the advantages NOM 12 1 00 Re Feeding Beet Pulp What are the advantages NOM My Buddy 12 4 00 It depends on why you are feeding it more Dianna 12 1 00 Off the track fillys pressures of track life My Buddy 12 1 00 Re Off the track fillys pressures of track life Mary at collisi@ibm.net 12 1 00 Re Off the track fillys pressures of track life My Buddy 12 4 00 Structure Structure Structure Dianna 12 1 00 Turn out turn out turn out and. Helen 12 4 00 I think the most powerful feeding tool we have is balance nm Dianna 12 21 00 Question about feed in special situation 18 month on stall rest Julie 11 28 00 Re Question about feed in special situation 18 month on stall rest deedee 12 3 00 Turned out today after 3.5 weeks whew Julie 12 3 00 Re Question about feed in special situation 18 month on stall rest Sally 12 1 00 Re Question about feed in special situation 18 month on stall rest JB 11 29 00 Re Question about feed in special situation 18 month on stall rest Kelly 11 29 00 epiphysitis vs laminitis Susan 11 27 00 Re epiphysitis vs laminitis amy 12 8 00 You may want to re-read but I have copied and pasted Dianna 11 29 00 Strongid-C and MSM Maryanne 11 27 00 Re Strongid-C and MSM jackie 11 29 00 and another thing is not all horses should be treated the same. You might try purchasing a one-pound Dianna 11 27 00 Re You might try purchasing a one-pound 11 27 00 That's great because if after the end of Dianna 11 27 00 Re Spooky Horse still spooky kl 11 27 00 Re Spooky Horse still spooky Trish 11 27 00 Re Spooky Horse still spooky kl 11 28 00 If this is not a good match then neither of you Dianna 11 27 00 Explanation of Why Need to Feed Oil Dianna 11 27 00 Thank you Dianna As always you make a lot of sense NM Karin 11 27 00 What is Allegra LoosaLoo 11 26 00 Re What is Allegra I believe Allegra is a type of feed like Strategy or Grow n Win Found on the West Coast. 11 28 00 Nobody has the answer to the above question LoosaLoo 11 27 00 Nobody has the answer to the above question LoosaLoo 11 27 00 Adding fat oil to the diet Karin 11 26 00 There are very few horses that are natural Dianna 11 27 00 Re Adding fat oil to the diet 11 26 00 Re Adding fat oil to the diet rgl 11 26 00 Re something else to think about. Jahibel 11 30 00 Having more fun on Friday nights sorry I couldn't resist nm Dianna 12 1 00 Calf Manna 11 24 00 Re Calf Manna Jennefer 11 30 00 Re Calf Manna Christine 11 27 00 Re Calf Manna Oakstable@aol.com 11 26 00 Re Calf Manna 11 25 00 Re Calf Manna 11 26 00 Re Calf Manna CherylS 11 25 00 Re Calf Manna JA 11 25 00 Re Calf Manna Made for cows Kelly 11 26 00 Flax seed-feed whole or grind it and how much jahibel 11 23 00 Re Flax seed-feed whole or grind it and how much JB 11 27 00 Grow N Win and ultimate finish Lynda 11 22 00 Re Grow N Win and ultimate finish Trakehnerlover 11 27 00 Orchard grass alfalfa hay Jahibel 11 22 00 Re Orchard grass alfalfa hay erin 11 23 00 Re Orchard grass alfalfa hay Jahibel 11 23 00 Re Orchard grass alfalfa hay DeAnne 11 22 00 Re Orchard grass alfalfa hay 11 24 00 Easy Keeper GH 11 22 00 Re Easy Keeper Lynn 11 22 00 This is another reason why it is so dianna 11 22 00 Looking for info on Tiz Wiz hard keeper Dave 11 22 00 Re Looking for info on Tiz Wiz hard keeper Sonia 11 25 00 Re Looking for info on Tiz Wiz hard keeper Bob T. 11 23 00 I would stay clear of TizWiz how many Dianna 11 22 00 Purina Feeds Ethoxyquin Information Dianna 11 21 00 Re Purina Feeds Ethoxyquin Information Oakstable@aol.com 11 23 00 Thanks Dianna for the clarification Now another question. more Karin 11 21 00 Your trainer is so far from correct it isn't even funny Dianna 11 22 00 Re Thanks Dianna for the clarification Now another question. Karin 11 22 00 how fat is too fat 11 19 00 Re how fat is too fat karin 11 20 00 Orchard Grass turnout Sandy 11 17 00 Looking for another opinion. jackie 11 17 00 I'm sorry I should have been more Dianna 11 20 00 Not necessarily just Dianna 11 17 00 What kind of oil to supplement with corn veg or what getting confused NM 11 15 00 Since I have quite a few horses I Dianna 11 16 00 Re Since I have quite a few horses I Muley 11 16 00 I know I tend to give more information Dianna 11 17 00 Re I know I tend to give more information Muley 11 17 00 Yes if you add 2 cups of oil or Dianna 11 17 00 Re Yes if you add 2 cups of oil or 11 17 00 Weight gain is only a small benefit Dianna 11 20 00 Re Since I have quite a few horses I Karin 11 17 00 Rule of thumb is 1 cup per 500 lbs. Dianna 11 17 00 What is the benefit of increasing the acidity nm JA 11 17 00 I believe it has something to do Dianna 11 20 00 Re Apple Cider Vinegar BH 11 17 00 Re What kind of oil to supplement with corn veg or what jackie 11 16 00 Re What kind of oil to supplement with corn veg or what Debi 11 19 00 Re What kind of oil to supplement with corn veg or what jackie 11 19 00 Re What kind of oil to supplement with corn veg or what JB 11 16 00 Tall Fescue Hillary 11 14 00 Re Tall Fescue CC 11 19 00 Re Tall Fescue Thank you CC for the information 11 20 00 ephititus vs lamintitus amy 11 14 00 Re ephititus vs lamintitus great web site for shoeing stuff laminitis info Nancy 12 18 00 Re ephititus vs lamintitus great web site for shoeing stuff laminitis info Nancy 12 18 00 Re ephititus vs lamintitus Dianna 11 14 00 Re ephititus vs lamintitus. 11 15 00 Sure dblasingim@mhplaw.com Dianna 11 15 00 Re ephititus vs lamintitus amy 11 15 00 Re ephititus vs lamintitus Erin 11 14 00 Re ephititus vs lamintitus amy 11 15 00 Re ephititus vs lamintitus jackie 11 15 00 Foundered Horse Jo Ann Taylor 11 11 00 Need to know about Strategy does it make horses hot Can I feed it to weanlings Is it a complete feed NM Karin 11 10 00 It is a wonderful product Dianna 11 10 00 Re It is a wonderful product What about compared to Grow n win Buckeye Ali 11 16 00 This product was discussed Dianna 11 17 00 Re This product was discussed Thank you Dianne you are a great asset to this forum. nm Dianna 11 20 00 Re It is a wonderful product Kelly 11 14 00 I love it to the reason you feed less is Dianna 11 15 00 Re It is a wonderful product 11 14 00 Purina. Dianna 11 14 00 Re Need to know about Strategy does it make horses hot Oakstable@aol.com 11 10 00 There was an interesting post about Dynamite on Dianna 11 10 00 Re There was an interesting post about Dynamite on Oakstable@aol.com 11 12 00 I would agree with that except Dianna 11 13 00 Re I would agree with that except Karin 11 13 00 I wish you the best of luck with your horses. My Buddy 11 11 00 Re Hard Keeper nadine 11 9 00 Re Hard Keeper Sarah 11 10 00 Timothy Hay Update Jennifer Stump 11 9 00 Re Timothy Hay Update Nic 11 9 00 Re Timothy Hay Update Jennifer Stump 11 14 00 Can you list this N. dealer more Jennifer Stump 11 17 00 Re Why is hay so expensive for you all IN NJ good hay is 4.00 bale 11 16 00 Re Timothy Hay Update Kelly 11 11 00 Re Timothy Hay Update Mary at collisi@ibm.net 11 12 00 Re Timothy Hay Update Jennifer Stump 11 14 00 Re Timothy Hay Update Mary at collisi@ibm.net 11 12 00 Re Timothy Hay Update Kelly 11 14 00 Can't find oat hay either. My Buddy 12 9 00 Anyone heard of Glutasyn Heidi 11 8 00 Re Anyone heard of Glutasyn 11 8 00 Allergic to HAY My Buddy 11 7 00 Re Allergic to HAY rgl 11 11 00 Re Allergic to HAY 11 8 00 Alfalfa Pasture Ariel 11 6 00 Re Alfalfa Pasture jackie 11 6 00 Re Alfalfa Pasture Elizabeth 11 6 00 Re Alfalfa Pasture jackie 11 8 00 Re I've done it. 11 7 00 Also need info on yearling pot belly Elizabeth 11 5 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly Patti 11 16 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly Karin 11 8 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly Elizabeth 11 8 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly Oakstable@aol.com 11 9 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly Karin 11 9 00 foal with diahrea jackie 11 8 00 Re foal with diahrea Karin 11 9 00 Re foal with diahrea jackie 11 12 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly Oakstable@aol.com 11 7 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly My Buddy 11 6 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly Elizabeth 11 6 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly My Buddy 11 7 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly Elizabeth 11 8 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly jackie 11 6 00 Re Also need info on yearling pot belly Elizabeth 11 6 00 Elderly horse cannot eat hay how many lbs of alfalfa pellets Lori Pratt 11 4 00 Re Elderly horse cannot eat hay how many lbs of alfalfa pellets BH 11 8 00 Re Elderly horse cannot eat hay how many lbs of alfalfa pellets Dianna 11 6 00 ABC plus and free choice minerals CTF 11 3 00 Re ABC plus and free choice minerals Alison 11 25 00 Re ABC plus and free choice minerals jackie 11 12 00 Re ABC plus and free choice minerals Oakstable@aol.com 11 23 00 Water during cold months Diane 11 2 00 Re Water during cold months Angel 11 2 00 Feeding after colic surgery QVS 10 30 00 To QVSRe Feeding after colic surgery 10 30 00 How much metamucil to feed Angel 10 28 00 Re How much metamucil to feed muley 10 30 00 Re How much metamucil to feed RSCA 10 30 00 Re How much metamucil to feed Muley 10 31 00 Thanks so much 11 2 00 TizWiz Feeds Mary E. 10 26 00 Re TizWiz Feeds Lori Brown 1 24 01 Re TizWiz Feeds Jane 11 8 00 Sudan Grass Hay Jennifer Stump 10 26 00 Feed after recovering from Colic Surgery 10 26 00 Re Feed after recovering from Colic Surgery 10 28 00 Looking for someone who has experience with Salmonella RSCA 10 26 00 Re Looking for someone who has experience with Salmonella herbalist 10 28 00 To My Buddy Jennifer Stump jstump@etrade.com 10 24 00 Jennifer My Buddy 10 24 00 Re Jennifer Carey 10 31 00 Re Jennifer My Buddy 11 1 00 Re Jennifer Carey 11 1 00 Timothy Hay Jennifer Stump 10 25 00 Flax Seed Patti 10 24 00 Re Flax Seed 10 28 00 cracked corn 10 23 00 Re cracked corn jackie 10 27 00 Dynamite Lynn 10 23 00 Re Dynamite 10 24 00 Re Dynamite Silvana 10 25 00 Re Dynamite 10 25 00 Re Dynamite Lucy 10 24 00 Re Dynamite Oakstable@aol.com 10 24 00 Another for Dianna foal owner 10 21 00 I had asked this question a year or so ago Dianna 10 23 00 book.website reference on Nutrient requirements jackie 10 22 00 Re Another for Dianna Is this correct 10 22 00 How did you get it in English Dianna 10 25 00 Re How did you get it in English foal owner 10 25 00 Thank you Dianna 10 25 00 Thank you I have never seen that Dianna 10 23 00 Nutrition and growth plates foal owner 10 21 00 You know many of the problems you Dianna 10 23 00 Re Nutrition and growth plates jackie 10 22 00 Re Nutrition and growth plates horsevet 12 6 00 Looking for No. CA growers of Timothy Hay HELP jstump@etrade.com 10 19 00 Dianna 10 18 00 Not really Dianna 10 19 00 Potbelly 10 17 00 Re Potbelly STephanie HFSH 10 23 00 Re Potbelly jackie 10 23 00 Re Potbelly jackie 10 18 00 Re Potbelly My Buddy 10 18 00 Re Potbelly jackie 10 22 00 Re Potbelly My Buddy 10 23 00 to My buddy jackie 10 27 00 Jackie My Buddy 10 27 00 Re Potbelly My Buddy 10 17 00 I feed grass hay 10 17 00 Re I feed grass hay My Buddy 10 18 00 Feeding a yearling 10 17 00 It really isn't that difficult if you Dianna 10 17 00 Re It really isn't that difficult if you For Dianna 10 18 00 Isn't that silly that they don't put it on the bag I call the Dianna 10 18 00 a question for all the experts out there O Muley 10 16 00 Re a question for all the experts out there O JB 10 17 00 Re a question for all the experts out there O Muley 10 17 00 Re a question for all the experts out there O JB 10 19 00 Re a question for all the experts out there O horsevet 12 6 00 Re a question for all the experts out there O Muley 10 19 00 Re a question for all the experts out there O jackie 10 18 00 Advice Please-Foal Nutrition hluing@ufl.edu 10 12 00 If you remember that it is not protein that causes problems Dianna 10 16 00 Re If you remember that it is not protein that causes problems My Buddy 10 17 00. Buddy here is information from a more clinical standpoint Dianna 10 17 00 and more information Dianna 10 17 00 Re If you remember that it is not protein that causes problems Dianna 10 17 00 Re If you remember that it is not protein that causes problems My Buddy 10 17 00 If you think about it the most natural products in our Dianna 10 17 00 Keep the protein low and the foal not fat Owner of one that had to have surgery 10 15 00 Keep the protein low and the foal not fat Owner of one that had to have surgery 10 15 00 Re Keep the protein low and the foal not fat at what age. 10 16 00 Re Advice Please-Foal Nutrition My Buddy 10 13 00 I meant brouse the Heath forum Sorry 10 13 00 Fast Track mw12329@aol.com 10 11 00 Re Fast Track patti 10 26 00 alfalfa hay field sharon 10 10 00 Bloating after weaning 10 9 00 Question re bloating in orphan foal orphan foal owner 12 4 00 Re Bloating after weaning 10 28 00 Re Bloating after weaning jackie 10 13 00 Re Bloating after weaning Oakleigh 10 10 00 Re Bloating after weaning Meadowlark 10 9 00 less is more Nicole 10 8 00 Re less is more My Buddy 10 11 00 Sounds good except. Dianna 10 16 00 Re less is more nicole 10 11 00 Re less is more Dianna 10 9 00 The TB i was talking about is just another boarder at the barn i board at not my horse.NM Nicole 10 8 00 Spooky Horse 10 6 00 Spooky Horse 10 5 00 Re I agree feed can make a Spooky Horse My Buddy 10 11 00 There is probably a really easy Dianna 10 6 00 Re Spooky Horse another ex-racehorse owner 10 6 00 Re Spooky Horse Lucy 10 6 00 Re Spooky Horse BH 10 5 00 Re Spooky Horse Yes 10 5 00 Salt vs Electrolites Anne 10 5 00 Re Salt vs Electrolites jackie 10 6 00 Re Salt vs Electrolites Shannon 10 5 00 Salt vs Electrolites Anne 10 5 00 Dutch Warmbloods When are they Mature JM 10 3 00 Also question of maturity XO 10 4 00 Dutch Warmbloods JM 10 3 00 Re Dutch Warmbloods jackie 10 13 00 B-1 Dianna 10 2 00 I agree JA 10 3 00 Whoops this was to go with calming post below. Dianna 10 2 00 How Much Salt to Add to Diet JM 10 2 00 Re How Much Salt to Add to Diet jackie 10 13 00 Re How Much Salt to Add to Diet Oakstable@aol.com 10 4 00 Re How Much Salt to Add to Diet JM 10 4 00 Re How Much Salt to Add to Diet Oakstable 10 7 00 Calming herbs or other products 10 1 00 Re Calming herbs or other products kate 1 6 01 Re Calming herbs or other products 10 28 00 Re Calming herbs or other products Chessman 10 1 00 Re Calming herbs or other products 10 2 00 Re Calming herbs or other products Chessman 10 2 00 Characteristics of Different Hays Donna 9 27 00 Re Characteristics of Different Hays My Buddy 10 11 00 Re Characteristics of Different Hays Sandy in Fla. 10 2 00 Re Characteristics of Different Hays BH 9 29 00 Re Characteristics of Different Hays JB 9 29 00 Re Characteristics of Different Hays Shannon 9 28 00 Pasture grass analysis Lucy 9 26 00 Re Pasture grass analysis JB 9 26 00 Bromelain jahibel 9 22 00 Flax seed and omega-3 fatty acids jahibel 9 22 00 Re Flax seed and omega-3 fatty acids BH 9 24 00 Re Flax seed and omega-3 fatty acids 9 26 00 Re Flax seed and omega-3 fatty acids You can buy plain flax seed at feed store cheaper nm. junk in the Hay Dianna 9 20 00 Moving horses and their feed Julie fullmoonfamr@msn.com 9 19 00 Re Moving horses and their feed jackie 9 21 00 Bananas Bacchus 9 15 00 Re Bananas jackie 9 21 00 Re Bananas 9 16 00 Does my horses diet seem reasonable Nicole 9 15 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable Karin 9 23 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable nicole 10 3 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable 9 16 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable My Buddy 9 18 00 Use this link JB 9 19 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable My Buddy 9 18 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable My Buddy 9 18 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable nicole 9 18 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable Dianna 9 15 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable Nicole 9 15 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable Dianna 9 18 00 Re Does my horses diet seem reasonable Meadowlark 9 17 00 Grains and vitamin supplements Karen 9 14 00 Re Grains and vitamin supplements Kelly 9 16 00 Dengie 9 14 00 Re Dengie Vikki 9 14 00 Re Dengie Vikki 9 14 00 Re Dengie Claudia 9 22 00 Sweet Feed v. Dianna 9 18 00 what percentage should my four y.o.holsteiner be eating jarco@ewol.com 9 13 00 Re what percentage should my four y.o.holsteiner be eating jackie 9 14 00 what percentage should my four y.o.holsteiner be eating jarco@ewol.com 9 13 00 Ribby pot bellied weanlings yearlings Normal 9 12 00 In defense of ribby foals. Julie fullmoonfarm@msn.com 9 13 00 Re Ribby pot bellied weanlings yearlings Normal Oakstable@aol.com 9 13 00 Re Ribby pot bellied weanlings yearlings Normal My Buddy 9 13 00 Re Ribby pot bellied weanlings yearlings Normal NO That is not normal or healthy. 9 12 00 Showing in hand Driving 9 12 00 Re Showing in hand Driving 9 15 00 Clover PAS 9 12 00 Re Clover JB 9 12 00 Re Clover PAS 9 12 00 Seeding pasture and mixes. 9 11 00 Re Height of Trakehner Colt PAS 9 11 00 Re Height of Trakehner Colt DB 9 13 00 Re Height of Trakehner Colt DB 9 13 00 Height of 3 mo Trakehner Colt 9 11 00 Weanling Ensuring proper nutrition 9 11 00 Re Weanling Ensuring proper nutrition 10 28 00 Re Weanling Ensuring proper nutrition JB 9 11 00 Weanling Ensuring proper nutrition 9 11 00 Re Weanling Ensuring proper nutrition Well one would be surprised at exactly how many 9 15 00 Every horseman has his own way to feed-the right way Julie 9 13 00 Pasture Renovation-What are the best grasses to use Linda 9 9 00 what was the nameof the psyllium product horses really like Julie fulllmoonfarm@msn.com 9 9 00 Re what was the nameof the psyllium product horses really like JB 9 11 00 Re what was the nameof the psyllium product horses really Muley 9 11 00 Re what was the nameof the psyllium product horses really JB 9 12 00 Orange Flavor Metamucil. Thanks guys I feel slightly less weird nom Julie 9 13 00 Re what was the nameof the psyllium product horses really like Christina H. 9 11 00 Re what was the nameof the psyllium product horses really like Oakstable@aol.com 9 10 00 Re what was the nameof the psyllium product horses really DB 9 13 00 anhidrosis non-sweating or reduced sweating jahibel 9 8 00 Re anhidrosis non-sweating or reduced sweating 9 19 00 Re anhidrosis non-sweating or reduced sweating laurie 9 16 00 Re anhidrosis non-sweating or reduced sweating DB 9 13 00 Re anhidrosis non-sweating or reduced sweating 9 13 00 Re anhidrosis non-sweating or reduced sweating Sally Oakstable@aol.com 9 8 00 Remember the horse with sand colic not enough hay and cheap feed Well we're moving to new barn-4 of us-yippee db 9 8 00 Re Remember the horse with sand colic not enough hay and cheap. JB 9 8 00 Re Remember the horse with sand colic not enough hay and Lynn Doki 9 19 00 Foal with Contracted Tendons. 9 14 00 Re corn oil-dumb question 9 12 00 Re corn oil-dumb question My Buddy 9 12 00 a regular kitchen measuring cup. PAS 9 12 00 Re corn oil Pat Sullivan Oakleigh Sporthorses 9 8 00 Re corn oil Muley 9 8 00 Re corn oil-big boned muscled breeds including drafts warmbloods SeaBreezeRanch 9 8 00 Re corn oil-big boned muscled breeds including drafts warm. 9 8 00 Speaking of EPSM 9 8 00 Re corn oil-big boned muscled breeds including drafts warm. jahibel 9 8 00 Re corn oil-9 8 00 Re corn oil My Buddy 9 8 00 Re corn oil jahibel 9 8 00 Re corn oil cyndi 9 7 00 Re corn oil 9 8 00 Re corn oil jahibel 9 8 00 Re corn oil 9 7 00 Re corn oil 9 7 00 Julie Dynamite costs.a situation long 9 6 00 Re Julie 9 6 00 Re Julie-long explanation Oakstable@aol.com 9 8 00 Are you sure it's not a pyramid Link attached. Meadowlark 10 20 00 Let's look at how many things have a pyramid shape Oakstable@aol.com 9 12 00 Re Are you sure it's not a pyramid Link attached. Oakstable@aol.com 9 8 00 Re Are you sure it's not a pyramid Question Kelly 9 9 00 Re Are you sure it's not a pyramid Question answered Oakstable@aol.com 9 9 00 Excellent post JB 9 8 00 Re Julie Julie 9 8 00 Re Julie JB 9 8 00 Pyramid An observer 9 10 00 You don't have to sell it. You can just use it yourself Pat An observer 9 11 00 You can purchase directly from the company. You can just use it yourself Muley 9 10 00 Re Why not in commercial stores Oakstable@aol.com 9 11 00 Dynamite Products Mary E. 9 6 00 Re Dynamite Products laurie 9 13 00 Re Dynamite Products JB 9 14 00 Re No chemical preservatives in Macauley feeds laurie 9 15 00 Re Dynamite Products JB 9 8 00 Re Dynamite Products Shanan 9 8 00 Re Dynamite Products more explanation Oakstable@aol.com 9 8 00 Re Dynamite Products more explanation Mary E. 9 9 00 Re Dynamite Products more explanation M Martin 10 18 00 Re Dynamite Products Meadowlark 9 7 00 Dynamite products Website How many use these products with success TIA NOM 9 6 00 I do JB 9 6 00 Re Dynamite products Website How many use these products with. Debra 9 8 00 feeding program for foundered horse cyndi 9 5 00 Re feeding program for foundered horse 10 28 00 Re feeding program for foundered horse M Martin 10 18 00 Re feeding program for foundered horse Mrs. Chessman 9 8 00 Re feeding program for foundered horse 9 6 00 Re feeding program for foundered horse cyndi 9 6 00 Re feeding program for foundered horse oops meant half a cup each feeding his grain is almost soaked with oil. 9 6 00 Re feeding program for foundered horse Oakstable@aol.com 9 6 00 Urgent Karin 9 3 00 Jelly Beans Ashleigh 8 31 00 Re Jelly Beans My Buddy 9 2 00 Re Jelly Beans Ashleigh 9 3 00 Re Jelly Beans My Buddy 9 4 00 Re Jelly Beans Ashleigh 9 4 00 Re Jelly Beans Patti Heartstone 9 6 00 Re Jelly Beans Muley 9 6 00 Re Jelly Beans My Buddy 9 7 00 Re Jelly Beans Ashleigh 9 7 00 Re Jelly Beans Ashleigh 9 7 00 Lysine MB 8 30 00 Re Lysine JA 9 3 00 Re Lysine Ann 8 31 00 Re Lysine cmh 9 4 00 Alfalfa JA 9 4 00 Pasture dams and babies Rick 8 29 00 Beet pulp add weight AB 8 28 00 For accurate info on beet pulb http shady-acres.com susan peetpulp.shtml 8 30 00 Says the page doesn't exist even when I took the s out of shtml Any ideas 8 30 00 here's the link JB 8 30 00 The squirrel story is a hoot It feels good to laugh 8 31 00 Re here's the link 8 30 00 Re Beet pulp add weight MB 8 29 00 Re Beet pulp add weight Sarah 8 29 00 What is the diff. Diet Balanced bb 8 23 00 Re Is My Horse's Diet Balanced 8 27 00 Re Is My Horse's Diet Balanced Maestro 8 25 00 Re Is My Horse's Diet Balanced bb 8 25 00 Re Is My Horse's Diet Balanced Maestro 8 25 00 Re Is My Horse's Diet Balanced Meadowlark 8 23 00 Re Is My Horse's Diet Balanced JB 8 24 00 Re Is My Horse's Diet Balanced Sherry W. 8 23 00 Re Is My Horse's Diet Balanced 8 31 00 Aloe Vera Oil for Ulcer Prevention.Anyone Maryanne 8 22 00 Re Aloe Vera Oil for Ulcer Prevention.Anyone Ann 8 25 00 Okay what do you feed CL 8 22 00 Re Okay what do you feed jackie 9 5 00 Moldy Hay vs. Dusty Hay Thanks-Cheryl uses my computer to read this forum with interest I also appreciate your reply 8 23 00 Re Moldy Hay vs. 8 22 00 Foal w Contracted Tendons.Anyone else had these problems alb 8 20 00 Re Foal w Contracted Tendons.Anyone else had these problems Lucy 9 25 00 Advice from owner of one that had surgery kt 9 29 00 Re Foal w Contracted Tendons.Anyone else had these problems 8 24 00 Re Foal w Contracted Tendons.Anyone else had these proble. 8 25 00 Foal scheduled for Surgery Tues Owner 9 1 00 Re Foal scheduled for Surgery Tues Genetics Mary E. no name 8 26 00 Re Foal w Contracted Tendons.Oh Please MB 8 26 00 Check Ligament Surgery Mary E. 8 26 00 Re Check Ligament Surgery-my horse had surgery and is FINE ML 9 1 00 Re Foal w Contracted Tendons.Anyone else had these problems 8 21 00 Re Foal w Contracted Tendons.Anyone else had these problems JB 8 21 00 Re Foal w Contracted Tendons.Anyone else had these problems jackie 8 21 00 Re Foal w Contracted Tendons.Anyone else had these proble. Owner of Filly 9 23 00 Don't starve her Erin 8 21 00 Joint formulas for arthritis Oakstable@aol.com 8 19 00 Re New for joint repair TOPFIT GELAMIN 8 21 00 Curious about how much you all feed if pasture is depleted Julie fullmoonfarm@msn.com 8 19 00 Re Curious about how much you all feed if pasture is depleted Meadowlark 8 20 00 Bran mashes kc 8 19 00 How about beet pulp 8 23 00 Re Bran mashes Meadowlark 8 20 00 Re Bran mashes Karin 8 20 00 Re Bran mashes kc 8 20 00 Re Bran mashes Meadowlark 8 23 00 Re Bran mashes kc 8 24 00 Re Bran mashes Karin 8 20 00 Re Bran mashes JB 8 21 00 Re Bran mashes Karin 8 20 00 Re Bran mashes My Buddy 8 19 00 Re Bran mashes Mary E. joint supps-too many Jo 8 17 00 Re The only thing I have ever heard of that has been clinically demonstrated to rebuild the cartilege matrix is Adequan. He is well but we are moving him to a barn with no sand Thanks for your help 8 17 00 Improving a foal's coat Sally Oakstable@aol.com 8 16 00 TB have to carry less weight on their body Jill 8 15 00 Re TB have to carry less weight on their body Teri 8 16 00 Re TB have to carry less weight on their body Erin 8 15 00 Re TB have to carry less weight on their body Muley 8 16 00 Re TB have to carry less weight on their body JB 8 16 00 Hay Tam 8 14 00 How tall will he be Cloud 8 14 00 Re How tall will he be DB 8 15 00 Re How tall will he be JB 8 14 00 Re How tall will he be Cloudy 8 15 00 Re How tall will he be Ivy 8 14 00 Re How tall will he be JB 8 14 00 Re How tall will he be Ivy 8 14 00 Re How tall will he be JB 8 15 00 Bermuda grass hay My Buddy 8 14 00 Re Bakersfield CA has alfalfa for 5.50 a bale oat for 5 nm 8 19 00 10 pound bales LoosaL00 11 26 00 Re Bermuda grass hay Patti 8 14 00 Re Bermuda grass hay PAS 8 14 00 Re Bermuda grass hay Patti 8 14 00 Re Bermuda grass hay PAS 8 18 00 Re Bermuda grass hay JB 8 14 00 Re Bermuda grass hay My Buddy 8 14 00 Re Bermuda grass hay N 8 16 00 Re Bermuda grass hay Jennifer Stump jstump@etrade.com 8 16 00 Re Bermuda grass hay My Buddy 8 16 00 Re Bermuda grass hay 8 17 00 Re Bermuda grass hay Kelly 8 17 00 Re Bermuda grass hay My Buddy 8 17 00 Re Bermuda grass hay Patti 8 19 00 Re Is California over priced YES My Buddy 8 19 00 Re Bermuda grass hay Patti 8 14 00 What is a good diet for a horse trying to gain weight nm 8 13 00 Re What is a good diet for a horse trying to gain weight nm holiday 8 19 00 What is a good diet for a horse trying to gain weight nm 8 13 00 What is a good diet for a horse trying to gain weight nm 8 13 00 What is a good diet for a horse trying to gain weight 8 13 00 Article 697 8 12 00 Sweetfeed foals and OCD kl 8 11 00 Re Sweetfeed foals and OCD JB 8 14 00 Re Sweetfeed foals and OCD MyBuddy 8 14 00 Re Sweetfeed foals and OCD Erin 8 13 00. href disc109 000002fa.htm name 000002fa wonderful note thanks. nom Julie fullmoonfarm@msn.com 8 19 00 Re Sweetfeed foals and OCD jackie 8 13 00 Re Sweetfeed foals and OCD Erin 8 13 00 Equine Nutrition Erin 8 9 00 Another foal with contracted tendons Lucy 9 22 00 Re Equine Nutrition Oakstable@aol.com 8 10 00 Eating Sand Erin 8 10 00 Re Eating Sand My Buddy 9 13 00 Forgot to mention. Erin 8 13 00 Re Forgot to mention. Erin 8 14 00 ABC Harmany Grain Mix JB 8 9 00 Round Bales JT 8 8 00 Re Round Bales 8 13 00 Re Round Bales Erin 8 9 00 Re Round Bales 8 10 00 Weightgain after illness jj 8 8 00 Re Weightgain after illness kl 8 8 00 Flax Seed Meal Ann 8 7 00 Re Flax Seed Meal 10 28 00 Farnam's Weight Builder JR 8 4 00 Epiphysitis jbm and Josie 8 3 00 Re Epiphysitis 8 6 00 Re Epiphysitis oakstable@aol.com 8 3 00 Epiphysitis jbm and Josie 8 3 00 Epiphysitis jbm and Josie 8 3 00 Epiphysitis jbm and Josie 8 3 00 Epiphysitis jbm and Josie 8 3 00 ANY SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTATION NEEDED FOR A YOUNG GROWING HORSE Bill 8 2 00 Re ANY SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTATION NEEDED FOR A YOUNG GROWING HORSE ROGER CORBIN BS MS ANIMAL SCIENCE 8 5 00 Re ANY SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTATION NEEDED FOR A YOUNG GROWING H. Oakstable@aol.com 8 6 00 Re ANY SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTATION NEEDED FOR A YOUNG GROWING HORSE JB 8 2 00 Vitamin E 8 2 00 Calcium Phosphorous ratio Louise 8 1 00 Re Calcium Phosphorous ratio JB 8 1 00 Re Calcium Phosphorous ratio Louise 8 2 00 enteroliths JB 8 2 00 Epiphysitis in 5-month old yikes Oakstable@aol.com 8 1 00 Re Epiphysitis in 5-month old yikes Heartstone Patti 8 3 00 Re Epiphysitis in 5-month old yikes Oakstable@aol.com 8 6 00 Re Epiphysitis in 5-month old yikes JB 8 1 00 Bark eating Hearstsone 7 30 00 Re Bark eating Anna 8 24 00 Re Bark eating Meadowlark 8 1 00 Re Bark eating Patti 8 3 00 Re Bark eating Teri 8 3 00 Re Bark eating Thanks.I will call right away 8 3 00 Pasture or forest never both 8 1 00 Foal feeding Heartstone Patti 7 30 00 Re Foal feeding Erin 8 9 00 Re Foal feeding Patti 8 10 00 Re Foal feeding Erin 8 13 00 Re Foal feeding Patti 8 14 00 TDI Erin 8 14 00 Re Foal feeding Patti 8 14 00 Re Foal feeding Erin 8 14 00 Re Foal feeding Patti 8 14 00 I do creep feed at about three months or when they curious and go into the creep feeder Julie 7 28 00 Re I do creep feed at about three months or when they curious an. jojosjazz@aol.com 8 1 00 How big is too big for a 12 month old Melanie 7 27 00 Re How big is too big for a 12 month old 7 29 00 Re How big is too big for a 12 month old Melanie 7 31 00 Re How big is too big for a 12 month old Melanie 7 31 00 Triple Crown jojosjazz@aol.com 7 27 00 Re Triple Crown Meadowlark 7 30 00 Re Triple Crown soy jojosjazz@aol.com 8 1 00 Re Triple Crown Philippa 7 29 00 Lazy warmblood 7 25 00 Mine was too 7 29 00 Re Lazy warmblood Maestro 7 25 00 Re Lazy warmblood Your e-mail is not working 7 26 00 Overeating salt Oakstable@aol.com 7 22 00 Re Overeating salt Maestro 7 23 00 dirt eating in filly golovego@aol.com 7 22 00 Re dirt eating in filly ROGER CORBIN BS MS ANIMAL SCIENCE 8 5 00 Re dirt eating in filly Oakstable@aol.com 8 6 00 Re dirt eating in filly Kelly 7 23 00 Re dirt eating in filly Oakstable@aol.com 7 22 00 Oats vs. pellets 8 1 00 Tummy ache 7 21 00 Help silk500@hotmail.com 7 19 00 Re Help Oakstable@aol.com 7 20 00 Re Help 7 21 00 Re Help 7 25 00 Re Help 7 20 00 Re Help bob 7 20 00 How Long to Feed Baby Food skylitefrm@aol.com 7 16 00 Re How Long to Feed Baby Food Oakstable@aol.com 7 16 00 Re How Long to Feed Baby Food jojosjazz@aol.com 7 26 00 Re How Long to Feed Baby Food JB 7 17 00 Re How Long to Feed Baby Food skylitefrm@aol.com 7 17 00 Re How Long to Feed Baby Food JB 7 18 00 Re How Long to Feed Baby Food Complete Feed Oakstable@aol.com 7 17 00 Re How Long to Feed Baby Food Complete Feed Sally correcting my error 7 17 00 Re How Long to Feed Baby Food Complete Feed Muley 7 18 00 Re How Long to Feed Baby Food Complete Feed Sally 7 19 00 Re How Long to Feed Baby Food Complete Feed Muley 7 19 00 Soybean products and warmbloods. Sally Oakstable@aol.com 7 15 00 Beet Pulp-I stand Corrected Ann 7 13 00 I like to hide stuff in it JA 7 15 00 Re Beet Pulp-I stand Corrected Maestro 7 14 00 Re Beet Pulp-I stand Corrected Ann 7 16 00 Re Beet Pulp-I stand Corrected Maestro 7 16 00 Re Beet Pulp-I stand Corrected Ann 7 27 00 Re Beet Pulp-I stand Corrected 7 13 00 Beet pulp comparison web site JB 7 14 00 Rye mix Hay Ok for horses Please help Whoopie 7 12 00 Re Rye mix Hay Ok for horses Please help Maestro 7 14 00 Re Rye mix Hay Ok for horses Please help Kelly 7 13 00 Puttign weight on SkipsDressageGrl@excite.com 7 9 00 Re Puttign weight on Ivy 8 14 00 Re Puttign weight on JB 7 10 00 Re Puttign weight on Sonia 7 9 00 Is it true. Oakstable@aol.com 7 16 00 Re When should foal start to eat own grain separate from Mom's 7 13 00 Custom Mixes Sonia 7 7 00 KK locomare@home.com 7 6 00 Re Opps above should read what is a good basic feed plan for an idle horse nm kk oopps 7 6 00 Chaff Haye a fermented alfalfa product kgana 7 4 00 Re Chaff Haye a fermented alfalfa product tammie 2 8 01 Re Chaff Haye a fermented alfalfa product bobotmbb@hotmail.com 2 8 01 Re Chaff Haye a fermented alfalfa product So sorry Oakstable@aol.com. 7 6 00 Re Chaff Haye a fermented alfalfa product I am terribly sorry for your ghastly gruesome loss. Thanks for the warning. NM Lisac 7 5 00 What about Chaff ally 7 3 00 Re What about Chaff Maestro 7 4 00 Re What about Chaff tammie 2 8 01 Re What about Chaff 7 5 00 OATS Any place in a feeding program nowadays CSF 7 1 00 Well then how to balance ration and what about whole corn CSF 7 6 00 Re OATS you betcha Oakstable@aol.com 7 4 00 Re OATS you betcha Maestro 7 4 00 Re OATS Any place in a feeding program nowadays Maestro 7 4 00 Re OATS Any place in a feeding program nowadays Meadowlark 7 2 00 OATS Any place in a feeding program nowadays CSF 7 1 00 Re OATS Any place in a feeding program nowadays Teri 7 5 00 Re OATS Any place in a feeding program nowadays Muley 7 3 00 Re OATS Any place in a feeding program nowadays 7 3 00 Is molasses okay stephanie 6 30 00 Re Is molasses okay Maestro 7 4 00 Re Is molasses okay JB 7 3 00 Re Is molasses okay Meadowlark 7 2 00 Re Is molasses okay Jenna 7 1 00 Re Is molasses okay stephanie 7 3 00 Where to get hay analysed Whoopie 6 30 00 Re Where to get hay analysed 12 6 00 Re Where to get hay analysed Fweber@webtv.net 12 6 00 Re Where to get hay analysed 7 3 00 Re Where to get hay analysed Maestro 7 4 00 A question about hay Meadowlark 6 30 00 Re A question about hay The truth about feeding silage. 7 4 00 Re A question about hay Meadowlark 7 4 00 Re A question about hay The above post was from Maestro.messed up with title thing 7 4 00 BTW-Meadowlark 7 4 00 Re A question about hay The above post was from Maestro.messed up with title thing 7 4 00 Thanx Jenna 6 30 00 What to give a non-active horse ashleigh 6 28 00 Re What to give a non-active horse Muley 6 28 00 Re What to give a non-active horse ashleigh 6 29 00 Re What to give a non-active horse Muley 6 29 00 Re What to give a non-active horse ashleigh 6 30 00 Feeding My hOrse Jenna 6 28 00. Jennifer Stump jstump@etrade.com 6 19 00 Re Looking for hay growers in N. Karen 6 18 00 New Hay-Diarea sp 6 16 00 Re New Hay-Diarea sp Meadowlark 6 18 00 Well now my barn is switching from Strategy to Purina Horse Chow DB 6 15 00 Re Well now my barn is switching from Strategy to Purina Horse Chow JA 6 15 00 Re Well now my barn is switching from Strategy to Purina Horse Chow Meadowlark 6 15 00 Re Well now my barn is switching from Strategy to Purina Hor. Oakstable@aol.com 6 16 00 Re Thanks for the information nmsg Muley 6 16 00 Stomach ulcers pregnancy ect.HELP Rob 6 14 00 Re Stomach ulcers pregnancy ect.HELP CSH 7 15 00 Re Stomach ulcers pregnancy ect.HELP Ann 6 15 00 Need help with why what to feed for a horse shipped South RS 6 13 00 Re Need help with why what to feed for a horse shipped South Oakstable@aol.com 6 14 00 Re Need help with why what to feed for a horse shipped South RS 6 14 00 Re Need help with why what to feed for a horse shipped South JA 6 14 00 Re Need help with why what to feed for a horse shipped South JA 6 14 00 Salt JA 6 14 00 Salt JA 6 14 00 Purina Athlete Any info or experience to share nomes 6 10 00 Re Purina Athlete Any info or experience to share nomes jackie 6 12 00 Re Purina Athlete Any info or experience to share nomes DB 6 13 00 Black as Knight df 6 6 00 Re Black as Knight effective alternative Oakstable@aol.com 6 8 00 What is dynamite where to get AR 6 14 00 Re What is dynamite where to get Oakstable@aol.com 6 14 00 Feeding an easy-keeper broodmare lwk 6 5 00 Re Feeding an easy-keeper broodmare jackie 6 12 00 Where can I buy beet pulp JA 6 4 00 Re Where can I buy beet pulp Ann 6 4 00 Re Where can I buy beet pulp JB 6 5 00 Re Where can I buy beet pulp Ann 6 7 00 Re Where can I buy beet pulp JA 6 7 00 Re Where can I buy beet pulp Ann 6 8 00 Re Where can I buy beet pulp Ann 6 8 00 Sorry for the double post Ann 6 8 00 Re Where can I buy beet pulp JA 6 5 00 Re Where can I buy beet pulp Meadowlark 6 6 00 soaking JB 6 7 00 Just watch how much it expands. 6 10 00 Re soaking Meadowlark 6 8 00 Black as Knight revisited Sossity 6 4 00 Re Black as Knight revisited Muley 6 5 00 Re Black as Knight revisited Sossity 6 6 00 Re Black as Knight revisited JMP 8 21 00 Re Black as Knight revisited Ann 6 4 00 Re Black as Knight revisited JB 6 6 00 Re Black as Knight revisited Sossity 6 4 00 Re Black as Knight revisited KT 6 5 00 Re Black as Knight revisited Ann 6 6 00 Re Black as Knight revisited KT 6 6 00 Ditto NH 6 6 00 No scouring during foal heat Oakstable@aol.com 6 2 00 Re No scouring during foal heat JA 6 14 00 Re No scouring during foal heat Meadowlark 6 6 00 Re No scouring during foal heat Beth 6 4 00 Re No scouring during foal heat pintosport@juno.com 8 24 00 Horse Licking Metal rj 6 1 00 Re Horse Licking Metal rj 6 7 00 Re Horse Licking Metal Oakstable@aol.com 6 8 00 Re Horse Licking Metal Meadowlark meadowlark@eudoramail.com 6 6 00 Re Horse Licking Metal JA 6 5 00 Nutrena Feeds by Cargill Anyone have experience with these 5 31 00 Re Nutrena Feeds by Cargill Yes Legacy and I like it Hrswmn 6 7 00 Re Nutrena Feeds by Cargill Anyone have experience with these 6 3 00 Re Nutrena Feeds by Cargill Anyone have experience with these jennfla@gte.net 6 1 00 7 Week Old Orphan Foal with scours Lis 5 23 00 Re 7 Week Old Orphan Foal with scours 6 19 00 7 Week Old Orphan Foal with scours Lis 5 23 00. href disc109 000001b5.htm name 000001b5 Re 7 Week Old Orphan Foal with scours Meadowlark meadowlark@eudoramail.com 5 26 00 Re 7 Week Old Orphan Foal with scours Heather 5 30 00 Re 7 Week Old Orphan Foal with scours KK locomare@home.com 6 15 00 Re 7 Week Old Orphan Foal with scours Meadowlark 6 6 00 Correction Ribs NOT to show 5 12 00 Ribs showing DB 5 12 00 Re Ribs showing Sonia 5 23 00 Re Ribs showing 5 24 00 Re Ribs showing Sonia 5 25 00 Re Ribs showing DB 5 26 00 5 25 00 Re 5 25 00 Re Ribs showing Jessa jessa@novasporthorses.com 5 18 00 Re Ribs showing Jessa jessa@novasporthorses.com 5 22 00 Re Ribs showing judy 5 23 00 Re Ribs showing DB 5 22 00 Re Jessa Muley 5 19 00 Re Jessa Meadowlark 5 26 00 Re Hey Meadowlark Muley 5 27 00 Actually. Jessa jessa@novasporthorses.com 5 27 00 Re Jessa Jessa jessa@novasporthorses.com 5 22 00 Re Ribs showing jackie 5 19 00 Re Ribs showing judy 5 19 00 Re Ribs showing amt of hay Oakstable@aol.com 5 18 00 Re Ribs showing Angie 5 16 00 Hard Keeper Jonathan 5 11 00 Re Hard Keeper Oakstable@aol.com 5 12 00 Re Hard Keeper huffman@mwweb.com 6 12 00 Alfalfa and Grass Hays JB 5 11 00 Re Alfalfa and Grass Hays Helen 5 11 00 25 bale JB 5 12 00 Re Alfalfa and Grass Hays Muley 5 11 00 Re Alfalfa and Grass Hays Heather 5 20 00 Coastal JB 5 22 00 STrategy-comments 5 10 00 I really like it Paula 5 12 00 Re I really like it Arlene 6 5 00 Re STrategy-comments Oakstable@aol.com 5 11 00 Re STrategy-comments DB 5 12 00 Arthritic Changes in a Yearling and Two Year Old Ariel 5 9 00 Re Arthritic Changes in a Yearling and Two Year Old jackie 5 10 00 Re Arthritic Changes in a Yearling and Two Year Old Oakstable@aol.com 5 9 00 Pregnant mare eating dirt 5 7 00 Re Pregnant mare eating dirt PAS 5 17 00 To feed or not to feed alfalfa dcb 5 5 00 Re To feed or not to feed alfalfa jackie vandenbrink 5 10 00 Re To feed or not to feed alfalfa Sterling Oaks Farm 5 6 00 Re To feed or not to feed alfalfa Oakstable@aol.com 5 6 00 Re To feed or not to feed alfalfa quote from DVM Oakstable@aol.com 5 9 00 Re To feed or not to feed alfalfa quote from DVM 6 6 00 Re alfalfa story. KK 6 15 00 Re To feed or not to feed alfalfa quote from DVM Oakstable@aol.com 6 9 00 Re To feed or not to feed alfalfa Oakstable@aol.com 5 7 00 Free Choice Ca Ph good results Oakstable@aol.com 5 5 00 Re Free Choice minerals jackie vandenbrink 5 10 00 ADVICE ABOUT FERTILIZING PASTURE NEEDED 5 4 00 Re ADVICE ABOUT FERTILIZING PASTURE NEEDED CTF 5 5 00 Re ADVICE ABOUT FERTILIZING PASTURE NEEDED Angie 5 11 00 Sand colic db 5 2 00 Re Sand colic Helen 5 3 00 Re Sand colic db 5 3 00 Treated Alfalfa JenniferS 5 2 00 Re Treated Alfalfa Serendipity Farm 5 10 00 Re Treated Alfalfa Sally 5 5 00 strangles vaccine reaction Muley 4 28 00 Fort Dodge Pinnacle Intranasal Strangles Vaccine Maryanne 5 4 00 Another reaction story Oakstable 5 5 00 Re How awful nm Muley 5 5 00 Re Also. Muley 5 4 00 Why Hasn't It Occurred to Any Of You That the Reason You Are Not Seeing Outbreaks is Because Conscientious People are Vaccinating 5 5 00 Re Why Hasn't It Occurred to Any Of You That the Reason You Are. Sterling Oaks Farm 5 6 00 Re Fort Dodge Pinnacle Intranasal Strangles Vaccine Muley 5 4 00 Re strangles vaccine reaction Meadowlark 5 2 00 Re meadowlark more. Muley 5 3 00 Re Meadowlark Muley 5 3 00 Re strangles vaccine reaction JB 5 1 00 Re strangles vaccine reaction Muley 5 1 00 Re strangles vaccine reaction DS 5 3 00 Re strangles vaccine reaction Muley 5 3 00 Anyone use Moormans feeds Jocelyn at ELFarm@aol.com 4 26 00 Re Anyone use Moormans feeds Deb 5 18 00 Read the label Meadowlark 5 2 00 Re Read the label Muley 5 3 00 Re HOW IS IT HARMFUL nm Muley 5 4 00 Ethoxyquin nm JB 5 3 00 Re Anyone use Moormans feeds Meadowlark 5 2 00 Meadowlark. JB 5 3 00 Re Anyone use Moormans feeds ShelleyO 5 2 00 Re Anyone use Moormans feeds 4 27 00 Re Anyone use Moormans feeds 4 28 00 Amazing how some are so negative 4 28 00 allergic reaction to Grand Flex has anyone else experienced this Muley 4 26 00 Colic in Sandy Areas DB 4 25 00 Re Colic in Sandy Areas Helen 4 25 00 What the big difference Chondroitin gluecosamine or skip them and use Legend 4 25 00 Re What the big difference Chondroitin gluecosamine or skip th. 4 25 00 Feeding Suggestions for Horse with Ulcers Annie 4 24 00 Re Feeding Suggestions for Horse with Ulcers S 4 25 00 Re Feeding Suggestions for Horse with Ulcers Jocelyn 4 26 00 Re Feeding Suggestions for Horse with Ulcers Annie 4 27 00 Re Barley question jackie vandenbrink 4 30 00 SUGAR CUBES WILL BE BACK Terry 4 22 00 Garlic Apple Cider Vinegar.anyone please AK 4 21 00 Apple Cider Vinegar.anyone please Jennifer Stump 4 24 00 Re Apple Cider Vinegar.anyone please AK 4 27 00 12 yr old tb qh can see ribs otherwise looks good 4 19 00 Re 12 yr old tb qh can see ribs otherwise looks good crystal 5 20 00 Re 12 yr old tb qh can see ribs otherwise looks good Devan 4 21 00 Re 12 yr old tb qh RE STrategy-some people don't like DB 4 25 00 Re 12 yr old tb qh can see ribs otherwise looks good Meadowlark meadowlark@eudoramail.com 4 20 00 Re 12 yr old tb qh can see ribs otherwise looks good 4 20 00 Re 12 yr old tb qh can see ribs otherwise looks good Sally Oakstable@aol.com 4 19 00 Need Recommendation for Aged Broodmare feed Concerned Owner 4 19 00 Re Need Recommendation for Aged Broodmare feed Sally Oakstable@aol.com 4 19 00 Witch Mare with a capital B Nancy 4 17 00 Re Witch Mare with a capital B Sally Oakstable@aol.com 4 17 00 Just one feeding a day LW 4 16 00 Re Just one feeding a day Jennifer Stump 4 17 00 Re Just one feeding a day jax 4 17 00 ProBios versus ProBiotic Ariel 4 11 00 mroe. Meadowlark meadowlark@eudoramail.com 4 14 00 Re ProBios versus ProBiotic Meadowlark meadowlark@eudoramail.com 4 13 00 Re ProBios versus ProBiotic Oakstable@aol.com 4 16 00. href disc109 0000012b.htm name 0000012b Red Cell please help sekhmets@aol.com 4 9 00 Re Red Cell please help Sally Oakstable@aol.com 4 10 00 Re Red Cell please help JB 4 10 00 Re Red Cell please help sekhmets@aol.com 4 10 00 Re Red Cell please help JB 4 10 00 Concerns for Dutch Yearling Delighted 4 8 00 Re Concerns for Dutch Yearling xo 4 10 00 Thoughts on 606 and wormers MJ 4 8 00 Anyone ever feed oat hay Margaret Webber 4 7 00 Re Anyone ever feed oat hay M.A. 5 3 00 Re Anyone ever feed oat hay etk 4 10 00 Re Anyone ever feed oat hay KT 4 11 00 Re Anyone ever feed oat hay xo 4 9 00 The differences between types of oats Confused 3 30 00 Re The differences between types of oats csh 6 12 00 Whole oats vs. crimped rolled oats Meadowlark 4 20 00 Re The differences between types of oats Meadowlark 3 31 00 Selenium in Flax Seed Claudia 3 29 00 Re Selenium in Flax Seed Jackie Vandenbrink 3 30 00 Dynamite-great stuff Meadowlark 3 26 00 I agree Pat Sullivan 4 2 00 Whoops Here's my email address if you want more info. Meadowlark meadowlark@eudoramail.com 3 28 00 Big fat overweight broodmare dmb 3 24 00 Have you had her thyroid checked nom ILona English 4 8 00 Re Big fat overweight broodmare jackie vandenbrink 3 25 00 Glucosamine and Chondroitin in New Feed jkpot 3 23 00 Joint Supplements Joy 3 17 00 Re Joint Supplements Ann 3 18 00 Feeding my 2 year old Han TB Lacey 3 15 00 Feeding Protein fairview 3 14 00 Psyllium Products SG 3 10 00 Have you tried JB 3 13 00 Re Have you tried karen 3 14 00 Re Psyllium Products Diane C 3 10 00 Re Psyllium Products 3 10 00 Quantity of grain at a time SG 3 10 00 Re Quantity of grain at a time xo 3 21 00 Re Quantity of grain at a time jackie 3 13 00 Re Quantity of grain at a time thank you more 3 18 00 Re Quantity of grain at a time jackie 3 18 00 Re Quantity of grain at a time yes boarding is the pits more 3 19 00 Re Quantity of grain at a time jackie vandenbrink 3 26 00 Health care LC 3 9 00 How much Protein is safe for yearlings Mac 3 3 00 Re How much Protein is safe for yearlings Oakstable@aol.com 3 5 00 Re How much Protein is safe for yearlings 6 4 00 Re How much Protein is safe for yearlings Jackie VandenBrink 3 7 00 read this one the one below is incomplete 3 7 00 Re How much Protein is safe for yearlings jackie andenbrink 3 7 00 Re How much Protein is safe for yearlings jackie 3 5 00 Hormonal mare PG 2 28 00 Re Hormonal mare freehand 1 6 01 Re Hormonal mare pgoss 2 28 00 Re Hormonal mare Meadowlark 2 29 00 Re Hormonal mare Pauline 2 29 00 Re Hormonal mare Bascule 2 29 00 Re Hormonal mare Sally Oakstable@aol.com 3 1 00 Re Hormonal mare Helen 3 5 00 Be careful Helen 3 3 00 Re Be careful my view Sally Oakstable@aol.com 3 4 00 Re Be careful my view sellefrancais1@aol.com 4 21 00 Re Be careful my view Helen 3 5 00 Re Be careful my view Sally Oakstable@aol.com 3 5 00 Automatic horse feeders Beth Broome ebroome@ucsd.edu 2 26 00 Re Automatic horse feeders PAS 2 27 00 Supplement Black as Knight opinions wanted KT 2 21 00 Re Supplement Black as Knight opinions wanted Elvis'mom 2 25 00 Re Black. robertson 1 18 00 Re older tb mare just bought VERY thin 2 22 00 Re older tb mare just bought VERY thin Jackie 1 20 00 Re older tb mare just bought VERY thin Valerie 1 20 00 Re older tb mare just bought VERY thin jr 1 20 00 Re older tb mare just bought VERY thin Sally Oakstable@aol.com 1 19 00 sweet feed 1 16 00 Re sweet feed 1 24 00 Re sweet feed Sally Oakstable@aol.com 1 24 00 Re sweet feed JB 1 17 00 Re sweet feed Jackie 1 16 00 Purina Horseman's edge doesn't freeze NM 1 19 00 QH TB-12yrs. 15.3 Weight gaining advice needed Oakstable@aol.com 1 13 00 QH 1 13 00 Supremo Senior Amy 1 5 00 Re Supremo Senior Sally 1 6 00 Re Supremo Senior Amy 1 7 00 Re Supremo Senior Karla 12 5 00 Re Supremo Senior Karla 12 5 00. href disc109 000000b6.htm name 000000b6 Re Supremo Senior Sally Oakstable@aol.com 1 8 00 Legacy feed Hrswmn 12 29 99 Read the label-consumer alert Sally Oakstable@aol.com 12 10 99 Feeding 10 Month Dutch Colt KMKate 12 1 99 Re Feeding 10 Month Dutch Colt Kathryn 12 9 99 Re Feeding 10 Month Dutch Colt 12 5 99 what level of vitamin E jackie 12 15 99 Re Feeding 10 Month Dutch Colt JB 12 7 99 words of caution.don't feed mineral free choice Jackie 11 29 99 Re words of caution.don't feed mineral free choice 3 12 00 Enrich pasture w new organic non-leaching fertilizer Sally Oakstable@aol.com 11 26 99 Does anybody use Stride Elvis'mom 11 22 99 Feeding a Working Horse lg 11 20 99 Re Feeding a Working Horse lizzieval@hotmail.com 12 30 99 Vita-Phos JB 11 18 99 Depends on the feed you use. ILona English 11 20 99 Re Depends on the feed you use.re complete feed Jackie 12 3 99 Re Depends on the feed you use.re complete feed JB 12 7 99 Re Depends on the feed you use. Sally 11 20 99 Hs anyone used Dynamite products on their mares Ilona English 11 15 99 Re Hs anyone used Dynamite products on their mares Pat Sullivan Oakleigh Sporthorses 11 16 99 Re Has anyone used Dynamite products on their mares Sally Oakstable@aol.com 11 15 99 Can you email me with the type of feed you use w these supplements ILona English 11 16 99 epiphysitis Diane 11 8 99 Re epiphysitis LHYER@XITCOMM.NET 6 29 00 Re epiphysitis Chris 11 18 99 Re epiphysitis Sally Oakstable@aol.com 11 15 99 Re epiphysitis JB 11 9 99 Re epiphysitis DuetFarm 11 10 99 Any use Select Nu-Image Joanne 11 1 99 Re Any use Select Nu-Image whinny 1 3 00 Re Any use Select Nu-Image Sonia 11 5 99 feed 10 29 99 Abandoned Horses in WV Michelle Eddy 10 25 99 Timothy hay cubes PAS 10 23 99 Re Timothy hay cubes tdmclean@telusplanet.net 12 14 99 Re Timothy hay cubes 11 1 99 Putting weight on a 2 year old Betsy 10 20 99 Re Putting weight on a 2 year old Robin 1 2 00 Re Putting weight on a 2 year old Jessa Lynch sporthorse@earthlink.net 10 29 99 Re Putting weight on a 2 year old JB 10 20 99 Re Putting weight on a 2 year old Oakstable@aol.com 10 20 99 Re Putting weight on a 2 year old Kate turtle 99@hotmail.com 5 31 00 Preservatives in feeds read the label Oakstable@aol.com 10 14 99 anyone tried Nw mare foal or LMF 10 13 99 Re anyone tried Nw mare foal or LMF Lynn 10 15 99 Re anyone tried Nw mare foal or LMF 10 20 99 Re anyone tried Nw mare foal or LMF 10 29 99 Re anyone tried Nw mare foal or LMF victoria 1 8 01 Re anyone tried Nw mare foal or LMF nnmer@aol.com 10 24 00 Love LMF. LoosaLoo 11 26 00 Article 119 10 11 99 Any Experience with Tiz Wiz Feeds 10 10 99 Re Any Experience with Tiz Wiz Feeds Jamie 1 19 01 My experience w Tiz Wiz ILona English 10 23 99 Re My experience w Tiz Wiz Nora Salamanca 8 7 00 Re My experience w Tiz Wiz horselady 11 1 99 Re Any Experience with Tiz Wiz Feeds JB 10 19 99 Re Any Experience with Tiz Wiz Feeds concerned 10 14 99 Re Any Experience with Tiz Wiz Feeds 10 11 99 Re Any Experience with Tiz Wiz Feeds JB 10 19 99 Buckeye Feeds Karen 10 2 99 Powerful Secrets Of Millionares Chevon Creasman 9 27 99 Dynamite products Oakstable@aol.com 9 24 99 Re Dynamite products carey 9 26 99 Re Dynamite products oakstable@aol.com 10 2 99 Buckey Feeds Diana 9 21 99 Re Buckey Feeds CSH 6 12 00 Re Buckey Feeds Barbara Marcus 12 15 99 Re Buckey Feeds Vicki 11 5 99 Re Buckey Feeds Mary Lou 10 2 99 Re Buckey Feeds KW 9 24 99 Oops I meant Buckeye Diana 9 22 99 Re Buckey Feeds 9 21 99 Red Cell 8 17 99 Re Red Cell lizzieval@hotmail.com 12 30 99 Re Red Cell Oakstable@aol.com 8 27 99 My 24 month Hanoverian mare Tracey N. 7 20 99 Re My 24 month Hanoverian mare ls 9 21 99 Re My 24 month Hanoverian mare 8 6 99 Re My 24 month Hanoverian mare JB 7 20 99 Re My 24 month Hanoverian mare Oakstable@aol.com 8 1 99 Too Thin Ken 7 14 99 Re Too Thin 10 11 99 Re Too Thin ssd 7 15 99 Re Too Thin ken 7 15 99 Re Too Thin Jennifer 7 17 99 Feeding a brood mare bmaghan@theisp.net 7 5 99 Scours in foals Bmaghan@theisp.net 7 5 99 HELP katie AeRT1@aol.com 7 4 99 Feeding a 2 yr old Trakehner Paula 6 28 99 Re Feeding a 2 yr old Trakehner Robin 1 2 00 Re Feeding a 2 yr old Trakehner Robin 1 2 00 Re Feeding a 2 yr old Trakehner Bmaghan@theisp.net 7 5 99 Re Feeding a 2 yr old Trakehner Lisa G. 6 28 99 Equine Holistic Healing Discussion Group 6 16 99 foal diarreah cz 5 30 99 Re foal diarreah Andy 8 27 99 Re foal diarreah mlw 5 31 99 Re foal diarreah 5 31 99 Re foal diarreah kiki 8 1 99 Re foal diarreah oakstable@aol.com 8 2 99 Feeding the mare during pregnacy SoniaZ 5 24 99 Re Feeding the mare during pregnacy whinny 6 9 99 Re Feeding the mare during pregnacy Lisa G. 5 25 99 Re Feeding the mare during pregnacy Oakstable@aol.com 6 6 99 Advice PLEASE Han TB 4month filly w contracted tendons SCFarm 5 10 99 Re Advice PLEASE Han TB 4month filly w contracted tendons 6 14 99 Re Advice PLEASE Han TB 4month filly w contracted tendons asohier.mtlebanon.org 5 24 00 Re Advice PLEASE Han TB 4month filly w contracted tendons Sheila 5 24 99 Re Advice PLEASE Han TB 4month filly w contracted tendons Heather 5 12 99 Re Advice PLEASE Han TB 4month filly w contracted tendons SCFarm 5 12 99 Re Advice PLEASE Han TB 4month filly w contracted tendons Lisa G. 5 10 99 Advice PLEASE Han TB 4month filly w contracted tendons SCFarm 5 10 99 Re Advice PLEASE Han TB 4month filly w contracted tendons Barb 9 9 99 Watch out for chemical preservatives Oakstable@aol.com 5 2 99 feeding broodmare JSwa636188@aol.com 4 27 99 Re feeding broodmare Amy 5 3 99 Re feeding broodmare chris 5 12 99 Oldenburg Weight Ellie 4 20 99 Re Oldenburg Weight mlw 4 28 99 Re Oldenburg Weight Cris 4 28 99 Re Oldenburg Weight ckb 4 22 99 Re Oldenburg Weight Cris 4 22 99 Red Cell 4 19 99 Re Red Cell Whinny 5 3 99 Diet for Mare w 1mo. old foal w contracted tendons sj9000@aol.com 4 9 99 Feeding advice ckb 4 8 99 Re Feeding advice JT 11 11 00 Re Feeding advice gr 10 22 99 Re Feeding advice vanduren@pacinfo.com 1 18 01 Re Feeding advice Debby 4 8 99 Re Feeding advice Cris 4 8 99 Re Feeding advice kiki 8 1 99 Feeding on the Ground MJ 4 8 00 Re Feeding advice barb 9 9 99 Eating Dirt PTJ 4 7 99 Re Eating Dirt nancy 7 21 99 Re Eating Dirt Whinny 4 8 99 Re Eating Dirt tails fences oakstable@aol com 5 2 99 Eating Dirt 4 7 99 Muzzles Debby 4 3 99 Re Muzzles Cris 4 3 99. HREF disc109 0000001d.htm NAME 0000001d Re Muzzles Debby 4 4 99 Alfalfa Heather 4 1 99 Re Alfalfa Oakstable@aol.com 5 15 99 Re Alfalfa Meadowlark 4 6 99 Re Alfalfa for foals weanlings 5 5 00 Re Alfalfa Cris 4 2 99 Horse Treats.Does anyone know any Cris 3 30 99 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any deedee 11 4 00 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any kik 8 1 99 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any kik 8 1 99 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any kik 8 1 99 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any Vicki 5 31 99 Horse Treats.Does anyone know any Sarah at Ilove topper@juno.com my minis name 12 21 00 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any Alyssa 12 19 00 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any Alyssa 12 19 00 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any Sheila 5 24 99 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any Nancy 5 4 99 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any Debby 4 3 99 Great treat site. 3 31 99 Re Horse Treats.Does anyone know any Jo Ann Taylor 11 11 00 Weight Gain Cathy 3 29 99 Re Weight Gain 10 11 99 Re Weight Gain Jordana 4 1 99 Re Weight Gain Amy 4 1 99 Re Weight Gain Jo 3 31 99 Re Weight Gain PikFursten@AOL.com 3 29 99 Re Weight Gain Cris 3 30 99 Re on feeding my 21mo Hanoverian Meadowlark 4 6 99 Re on feeding my 21mo Hanoverian Jordana 4 1 99 Re on feeding my 21mo Hanoverian Lisa G. 3 30 99 Re on feeding my 21mo Hanoverian PikFurstenAOL.com 3 30 99 Re on feeding my 21mo Hanoverian Lisa G. 4 1 99 On Select Supplements Important Eclectk1@aol.com 4 26 99 Re On Select Supplements Important Robin please read PikFursten@aol.com 4 27 99 o Eclectk1@aol.com 4 29 99 feeding warmbloods Ca ph ratios jc 1 4 00 Re o jc 1 4 00 Re on feeding my 21mo Hanoverian To Lisa G. 4 12 99 Re on feeding my 21mo Hanoverian Cris 3 29 99 Re on feeding my 21mo Hanoverian to Chris from PikFursten PikFursten@AOL.com 3 29 99 Re on feeding my 21mo Hanoverian Cris.No h 3 30 99 Last changed February 14 2001 copyright 1996-2000 c WSG and the author s All rights reserved.
  [Contents]
- University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service Hay List - Menu - http://www.uwyo.edu/ag/ces/haylist/menu~1.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service Hay List Menu. HAY HOTLINE University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service. Alan Gray UW Extension Forage Crop Specialist. To list an item or to modify a current listing contact Patty Thompson at 307 754-2223 or e-mail her at pthompsn@uwyo.edu Jason Fearneyhough Livestock Forage Manager AgriBusiness Division Wyoming Business Council 1-800-932-6336 or 307 777-2860 updated 2-6-01 Alfalfa Hay Pea Oat Hay Grain Alfalfa Hay Cubes Hay Needed Crop Aftermath Grass Hay Straw Summer Pasture Mixed Hay Silage Pasture Needed Horse Feed Backgrounding Trucking Pasture For Rent Seed OUT OF STATE HAY HOTLINE TELEPHONE NUMBERS. Additional Marketing Links Hay Page Forage Information System The WYOLIST HAY HOTLINE is a joint undertaking of the University of Wyoming and the Wyoming Department of Agriculture. Actual marketing agreements price negotiation payments and delivery arrangements are the responsibility of buyers and sellers who use or access the list. Sponsoring organizations and their representatives will not 1 arbitrate buyer and seller disputes 2 be responsible for loss of hay or injury or death of persons involved in trading hay or 3 be responsible for injury or death of animals fed hay that has been listed or traded through the HAY HOTLINE. Note The accuracy of data and or other details which may appear in WYOLIST are the responsibility of those providing such information to the list coordinators and associates. HAY PRODUCERS LET US KNOW IF YOU GET RESULTS FROM LISTING ON THE HAY HOTLINE.WE NEED TO KNOW CALL 1-307-754-2223 THANKS This page updated 2-6-01 by R.
  [Contents]
- Re: Horse barn hay looks like grass clippings.. - http://users.loa.com/~phause/HouseBun/0001/msg00117.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next Date Index Thread Index HouseBun Archive Home Re Horse barn hay looks like grass clippings. Lyssa Krabbenhoft lyssak@hotmail.com Tue 25 Jan 2000 20 16 19 PST I just got some hay from a horsebarn near here and it seems to be basically grass and lawn clippings instead of heavier stuff from fields. What kind of hay did they say it was You mentioned this was in large bales.it sounds to me to possibly be a second cutting of timothy or more likely Orchard grass hay. But if you have a bale that has very stiff thick stems and tiny clusters of roundish leaves it's probalby alfalfa and that's WAY too rich for adult rabbits.
  [Contents]
- 87 - SOL:700 TONS OF GRASS HAY (06/12/00) - http://www.ld.com/cbd/archive/2000/06(June)/12-Jun-2000/87sol001.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: 87 SOL 700 TONS OF GRASS HAY 06 12 00 COMMERCE BUSINESS DAILY ISSUE OF JUNE 12 2000 PSA 2619. USDI Bureau of Land Management 2950 Riverside Drive Susanville CA 96130. 87 700 TONS OF GRASS HAY SOL BCQ002013 DUE 071100 POC Leona Parker 530 257 5381 E-MAIL The Bureau of Land Mgt National Wild Horse Burro Center at Palomino Valley PVC located 17.8 miles from the intersection of McCarran Blvd Pyramid Way in Sparks NV and approximately 12 miles from junction of State Routes 445 446 has a requirement for 400 tons of Grass Hay and the Litchfield Wild Horse Burro Facility located 17 miles east of Susanville CA on Highway 395 or 4 miles north of Litchfield CA also has a requirement for 300 tons of Grass Hay. The hay shall consist of the following grasses timothy grass only or a combination of timothy brome and orchard grass used for food for domestic animals cured cut and stored for fodder. LEAVE AN ADDRESS PHONE NUMBER WITH THE FRONT DESK FOR A SOLICATION PACKET IF I AM NOT AVAILABLE.
  [Contents]
- Bureau of Land Management Wild Horse and Burro Internet Adoption | Booklet - http://www.adoptahorse.blm.gov/adopt-bok.asp
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Bureau of Land Management Wild Horse and Burro Internet Adoption Booklet. HOME Gallery National Adoption Booklet Providing a home for a wild horse or burro is a challenging and rewarding responsibility. For qualified individuals this is a unique opportunity to care for then own a symbol of American history a Living Legend a wild horse or burro. This publication answers the most frequently asked questions about adopting a wild horse or burro. Why does the federal government offer wild horses and burros for adoption The Bureau of Land Management Department of the Interior and the U.S. Forest Service Department of Agriculture are responsible for the management and protection of wild horses and burros on public lands. Federal protection and a scarcity of natural predators results in thriving herds that increase in population each year. The number of animals using the range must be controlled to protect the resources from improper foraging and to maintain healthy thriving herds. Livestock are controlled through permits and leases which limit the time and number of domestic animals on the land. Wildlife populations are managed by state wildlife agencies. Excess wild horses and burros are removed from the range to protect and maintain the habitat which is shared with livestock and wildlife. These excess animals are offered for adoption to qualified people through the Program. Forest Service administered land in the western United States. Wild horses and burros are descendants of animals released by or escaped from Spanish explorers ranchers miners soldiers or Native Americans. Even though a wild horse or burro is removed from the public lands it remains a federally protected wild animal until it is adopted and the federal government has transferred title to the adopter. What kinds of wild horses and burros are available for adoption Wild horses are of no particular breed but some exhibit characteristics associated with specific breeds. Horses are generally solid in color and are predominantly sorrels bays or browns although all colors occur. Mares with unweaned foals when available are adopted together. Geldings are available at special locations such as the prison training program facilities discussed in question 4 and occasionally at satellite adoptions. With kindness and patience they can be gentled and trained for many uses. Wild horses have become champions in dressage barrel racing jumping endurance racing and pleasure riding. Horses are available for adoption from these prison training facilities throughout the year. Most of these programs charge additional fees to cover their training costs visit Adoption Program Office. How many wild horses and burros are available for adoption Between 6 000 and 8 000 horses and 500 to 1 000 burros are offered for adoption each year. The number of burros offered for adoption is much lower because the population and habitat of the wild burro is smaller. Mares with unweaned foals are adopted for 125 each 250 for the pair In addition some adoptions may be conducted using a competitive bidding process. The adoption fee defrays the costs of gathering medical treatment transportation and adoptions. Prison training programs often charge a fee which reimburses the state for gentling or saddle training the animal. Adopters are responsible for all costs following the adoption including recapture of escaped animals. McMillan Publishing Company Horses A Practical Approach by Melvin Bradley 1981. McGraw-Hill Book Company and Horses and Horsemanship by M.E. Some BLM locations prison training program facilities and BLM contract facilities have horses available year round. Have the animals received medical care Every wild horse and burro offered for adoption is examined by a veterinarian. Each animal receives all necessary medical treatment is tested for disease immunized and wormed. A veterinarian will be able to provide you excellent advice on vaccinations worming programs diet care of teeth and the other costs of caring for a horse or burro. How can I qualify to adopt a wild horse or burro You must be at least 18 years old be a resident of the United States and have no convictions for inhumane treatment of animals. You must also have or have arranged for adequate facilities and the financial means to provide for the number of animals adopted. An individual who has expressed an intent to commercially exploit the wild nature of a wild horse or burro may not adopt a wild horse or burro. Parents or guardians may adopt then allow younger family members to care for the animal. Gentled animals must be exercised daily and should have a box stall of at least 144 square feet 12 feet by 12 feet or larger that is well ventilated drained and frequently cleaned. An animal is considered gentled when it can be approached handled haltered and led without attempting to escape. Ungentled animals should not be released into any large open area pasture Adopted wild horses and burros must be provided shelter where severe weather heat cold rain snow or wind occurs. How can I adopt an animal For Internet Adoptions Read the Adoption Requirements and complete the Electronic Application. Internet animals must be picked up by the highest bidder at the designated locations. When you adopt you will be required to sign a contract called the Private Maintenance and Care Agreement agreeing to provide humane care and treatment for each animal you adopt. For In-Person Adoptions Call the office which services your state listed at the bottom of the Adoption Booklet or visit the National Wild Horse and Burro web site at www.blm.gov whb and find the National Adoption Schedule. Request a paper application any supplemental forms and a regional schedule of upcoming adoptions. When you adopt you will be required to sign a contract called the Private Maintenance and Care Agreement agreeing to provide humane care and treatment for each animal you adopt. Will the animal belong to me or the Federal Government A wild horse or burro belongs to the government until the BLM issues a title to an adopter. When the adopter signs an adoption contract he she automatically applies for title to an animal. The adopter must obtain a statement from a qualified person such as a veterinarian county extension agent or humane society representative verifying that the adopter has provided humane care and treatment. The adopter must return the Title Eligibility Letter and the humane treatment statement to BLM. Within the year after the adoption the BLM or an agent of the BLM may visit an adopter to inspect the animal s to ensure the conditions of the adoption agreement are met and to answer any questions the adopter may have. What are the restrictions on using my adopted animal In general there are no federal restrictions on how you use your adopted wild horse or burro. However it cannot be exploited for commercial purposes that take advantage of the wildness of the animal such as rodeo bucking stock. After leaving the range all wild animals are protected by state livestock and humane treatment laws. What should I bring to the adoption Cash money order or certified check is required for payment of the adoption fees. Some adoption centers and the internet adoption accept VISA or Mastercard. A double-stitched nylon webbing halter is recommended no rope halters permitted. What kind of trailer is required to transport a wild horse or burro Adopters must provide transportation for their animal from the adoption site to the new home. Another person may transport the animal but all trailers must meet these standards Covered top sturdy walls floors and a smooth interior free from any sharp protrusions. Drop ramp and two horse trailers are strongly discouraged no drop ramp tailgates are allowed. All trucks and trailers may be inspected by BLM employees before loading. Additional information about feeding your new friend will be available at the adoption. What are some tips I should know before the adoption If you are not experienced in driving a vehicle towing a trailer arrange for someone with experience to help you. If your journey crosses state lines check with each state for requirements of brand inspection health certificate clearance documents etc. ALASKA 907-271-5555 Alaska State Office 222 West 7th Avenue 13 Anchorage Alaska 99513-7599 ARIZONA 602-580-6541 or 888 231-2582 Phoenix District Office 2015 West Deer Valley Road Phoenix Arizona 85027 Kingman Resource Area H 520-692-4423 CALIFORNIA 916-979-4647 California State Office 2135 Butano Drive Sacramento California 95825-1889 Bakersfield District Office P 805-391-6049 Ridgecrest California H 619-446-6064 or 800 951-8720 Eagle Lake Res. Area HP 530 254-6762 COLORADO 719-269-8500 Canon City District Office P 3170 East Main Street Canon City Colorado 81212 IDAHO 208-384-3440 Boise District Office 3948 Development Avenue Boise Idaho 83705-5389 MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA 406-238-1540 Billings Resource Area 810 East Main Street Billings Montana 59105-3395 NEVADA 702-475-2222 or 800 417-9647 National Wild Horse Burro Center H Palomino Valley P.O. Box 3270 Sparks Nevada 89432 NEW MEXICO KANSAS OKLAHOMA TEXAS 1-800-237-3642 Oklahoma Resource Area P 221 North Service Road Moore Oklahoma 73160-4946 OREGON WASHINGTON 541-573-4400 Burns District Office HC 74-12533 Highway 20 West Hines Oregon 97738 UTAH 801-977-4300 Salt Lake City District Office H 2370 South 2300 West Salt Lake City Utah 84119 WYOMING NEBRASKA 307-352-0208 Rock Springs District Office HP P.O.Box 1869 Highway 191 North Rock Springs Wyoming 82902-1869 Elm Creek Nebraska 308-856-4498 AL AR FL GA KY LA MS NC SC TN VA 601-977-5430 or 1-888-274-2133 Jackson District Office 411 Briarwood Drive Suite 404 Jackson Mississippi 39206 Cross Plains Tennessee H 800 376-6009 CT DE DC IL IN IA ME MD MA MI MN MO NH NJ NY OH PA RI VT WV WI 1-800-293-1781 Milwaukee District Office 310 West Wisconsin Avenue Suite 450 Milwaukee Wisconsin 53203 FOOTNOTES H Holding Facility P Prison Training Program.
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- 87 - SOL:AGRICULTURAL SUPPLIES -- GRASS HAY (06/30/99) - http://www.ld.com/cbd/archive/1999/06(June)/30-Jun-1999/87sol001.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: 87 SOL AGRICULTURAL SUPPLIES GRASS HAY 06 30 99 COMMERCE BUSINESS DAILY ISSUE OF JUNE 30 1999 PSA 2378. USDI Bureau of Land Management P.O. 87 AGRICULTURAL SUPPLIES GRASS HAY SOL FAQ990014 DUE 080299 POC Ms. Michele Fugitt Contract Specialist 775 861-6420 fax 775 861-6634 The USDI Bureau of Land Management in Nevada is seeking offers from qualified suppliers of grass hay for the National Wild Horse and Burro Facility at Palomino Valley. Responsible offerors may request a solicitation package by faxing the request to Michele Fugitt at 702 861-6634 on or about July 1 1999. Due to the urgency of this requirement the closing date for the solicitation is August 1 1999 4 p.m.
  [Contents]
- Hay on the Internet - http://newmexicoranch.com/ag-page/hay-page/
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: AG PAGES DIRECTORY The Web Pages for Agricultural Businesses Ag-Biz Would you like to sponsor this page Details Here Return to Quicklinks HOME AGRICULTURE COMMERCE CULTURE DIRECTORIES ENTERTAINMENT ENTRY FAMILY FUNSITES GAMEMASTERS KIDSPLACE LAW MEDIA MISCELLANEOUS MONEY THE NET NEW MEXICO ONLINE TEXT PERSONAL POLITICS PORTALS-SEARCH REFERENCES SCIENCE SOFTWARE SOUTHWESTERN SPORTS TRAVEL WEBTECH WOMEN 1 WOMEN 2 THE HAY PAGE Cherry Valley Farm Top horse cow hay alfalfa orchard and brome grass mix Valmora NM Mountain Enterprises top quality alfalfa grass and alfalfa mix hay Santa Fe NM Dodge City KS Kansas Hay Report Tue Fri Dodge City KS. DCLS130 Kansas Feedlot Sales Dodge City KS. DCLS135 Kansas Feedlot Weekly Summary Fri Dodge City KS. Hay Needed This information is provided for livestock producers in southern states who have been affected by draught conditions this summer. For information on the Mississippi Hay Assistance program please contact at 601-359-1139. Posting for Alfafa Horse Hay http www.hayexchange.com discuss messages 467.htm. HORSE HAY FOR SALE http www.hayexchange.com discuss messages 520.htm Show quality horse hay alfalfa timothy clover mixed hay by the bale or by http equiview.com haylo Hay.htm. Iron Horse Hay Feed http horsemans.net ironhorsefeed Internet Hay Exchange Hay For Sale http 192.41.9.120 Connecticut Hay Exchange http www.connix.com Got-Hay Eastern Washington Hay Market http Four Roses Hay Express http www.europa.com Quality Alfalfa Hay from the Pecos Valley of New Mexico http www.pvtnetworks.net Arkansas Democrat-Gazette Classified Feed Supplies http www.ardemgaz.com classun c0730.htm. Onslow-Duplin County Hay Directory http pubs hay.dir 1998 Colorado Hay Directory Feedback Your Suggestions and Comments for the AG PAGES Web Directory.
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- World Feeder Bermuda Grass...A must for all livestock producers. - http://www.worldfeeder.com/
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: World Feeder Bermuda Grass.A must for all livestock producers. Welcome E-Mail or Call for FREE INFO PACKET 800-918-7228 or 405-787-3572 CEO Louis Gordon FAQ Order Sizing Chart e-mail 1997-2000 AEC. All Rights Reserved. AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES CORPORATION healing the land with a spirit of excellence proudly presents World Feeder Bermuda Grass The only privately owned patented grass available for commercial and private use in the United States. World Feeder is the Answer For yards for sports turf for pasture and hay Are there answers to the age old dilemmas of livestock producers Is drought preventing your storing up winter hay Too little pasture in hot summer Your grass too weak Do you wish you had more land to enhance your operation Agricultural Enterprises Corporation has the answer As you can tell from the name World Feeder we have a vision to feed the hungry of the world through the use of our unique grass. The deep root system is what makes World Feeder so special roots go as deep as eight FEET and that gives World Feeder the characteristics that make it so valued. Our experience has been World Feeder pumps its own sub-moisture and can drought-proof your operation It is extremely salt-tolerant the only true halophyte'crop in existence It has good wet feet'and can survive even in standing water It thrives in an amazing variety of climates and soils it is being successfully grown from the northern United States to southern California Texas and Florida. It thrives in sand clay caliche gumbo you name it It makes a lush lovely low-maintenance lawn even in the shade It makes a hardy resilient sports turf perfect for golf roughs and fairways When properly fertilized World Feeder runs as high as 23.2 protein with up to 74 Total Digestible Nutrients World Feeder never gets coarse or stemmy it makes the finest horse and cow hay available In many climates it can be planted year-round Please take a moment to tour our website and see why World Feeder growers stay excited and make money year after year.
  [Contents]
- Grass Hay Wanted in Edwardsburg - http://www.horsepage.com/board/messages/5102.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Grass Hay Wanted in Edwardsburg. Grass Hay Wanted in Edwardsburg. Follow Ups Post Followup The Michigan Horse Connection FAQ Posted by Amy S. Follow Ups Re Grass Hay Wanted in Edwardsburg Justin Freston 22 46 45 2 02 100 0 Re Grass Hay Wanted in Edwardsburg no name 11 14 18 2 01 99 0 Re Grass Hay Wanted in Edwardsburg LLC 11 07 53 1 25 99 0 Post a Followup Name E-Mail Subject Comments Looking for 100 excellent bales of grass hay in Edwardsburg area. Optional Link URL Link Title Optional Image URL Follow Ups Post Followup The Michigan Horse Connection FAQ.
  [Contents]
- Charles T. Creech, Inc. - http://www.creechhay.com/horsehay.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: General Information Charles T. Creech Services Inc. Horse Hay Dairy Hay Straw Reclamation Export Muck Removal Mushroom Farms Specialty Products Contact Creech Horse Hay Charles T. supplies high quality horse hay throughout Kentucky the United States and the World. Our Lexington market requires that we supply a multitude of different type hays for the local thoroughbred horse farms. We supply alfalfa alfalfa mixes timothy orchardgrass clover clover mixes as well as the pure grass species such as Timothy Orchardgrass Bromegrass etc. In addition to the Lexington market we also provide horse hay to various markets throughout the entire United States. We are entering our second decade of providing high quality horse hay to the European and United Arab Emirates racing scene.
  [Contents]
- Triasulfuron; Pesticide Tolerance - http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1998/August/Day-18/p22192.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Triasulfuron Pesticide Tolerance EPA Home Federal Register Home Comments Search Federal Register Search EPA Federal Register Document. Related Material. Other Related Documents Federal Register August 18 1998 Volume 63 Number 159 Rules and Regulations Page 44146-44152 From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access DOCID fr18au98-13 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 180 OPP-300700 FRL 6023-8 RIN 2070-AB78 Triasulfuron Pesticide Tolerance AGENCY Environmental Protection Agency EPA ACTION Final rule. SUMMARY This regulation establishes a tolerance for residues of triasulfuron 3-6-methoxy-4-methyl-1 3 5-triazin-2-yl 1-2-2-chloroethoxy phenylsulfonyl urea in or on cattle kidney goat kidney grass forage grass hay horse kidney and sheep kidney. requested this tolerance under the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act FFDCA as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 Pub. Objections and requests for hearings must be received by EPA on or before October 19 1998. ADDRESSES Written objections and hearing requests identified by the docket control number OPP-300700 must be submitted to Hearing Clerk 1900 Environmental Protection Agency Rm. Fees accompanying objections and hearing requests shall be labeled Tolerance Petition Fees'and forwarded to EPA Headquarters Accounting Operations Branch OPP Tolerance Fees P.O. A copy of any objections and hearing requests filed with the Hearing Clerk identified by the docket control number OPP-300700 must also be submitted to Public Information and Records Integrity Branch Information Resources and Services Division 7502C Office of Pesticide Programs Environmental Protection Agency 401 M St. A copy of objections and hearing requests filed with the Hearing Clerk may also be submitted electronically by sending electronic mail e-mail to. Copies of objections and hearing requests must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the use of special characters and any form of encryption. Copies of objections and hearing requests will also be accepted on disks in WordPerfect 5.1 6.1 or ASCII file format. All copies of objections and hearing requests in electronic form must be identified by the docket control number OPP-300700 No Confidential Business Information CBI should be submitted through e-mail. Electronic copies of objections and hearing requests on this rule may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT By mail Jim Tompkins Registration Division 7505C Office of Pesticide Programs Environmental Protection Agency 401 M St. Office location telephone number and e-mail address Crystal Mall 2 1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION In the Federal Register of May 29 1998 63 FR 29401 FRL 5791-2 EPA issued a notice pursuant to section 408 of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act FFDCA 21 U.S.C. 346a e announcing the filing of a pesticide petition PP 3F4225 for tolerance by Novartis Crop Protection Inc. This notice included a summary of the petition prepared by Novartis Crop Protection Inc. The petition requested that 40 CFR 180.459 be amended by establishing a permanent tolerance for residues of the herbicide triasulfuron in or on cattle kidney at 0.5 parts per million ppm goat kidney at 0.5 ppm grass forage at 7.0 ppm grass hay at 2.0 ppm horse kidney at 0.5 ppm and sheep kidney at 0.5 ppm. Risk Assessment and Statutory Findings New section 408 b 2 A i of the FFDCA allows EPA to establish a tolerance the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a food only if EPA determines that the tolerance is safe. Section 408 b 2 A ii defines safe'to mean that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable information. This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408 b 2 C requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue. EPA performs a number of analyses to determine the risks from aggregate exposure to pesticide residues. First EPA determines the toxicity of pesticides based primarily on toxicological studies using laboratory animals. These studies address many adverse health effects including but not limited to reproductive effects developmental toxicity toxicity to the nervous system and carcinogenicity. Second EPA examines exposure to the pesticide through the diet e.g. food and drinking water and through exposures that occur as a result of pesticide use in residential settings. For many animal studies a dose response relationship can be determined which provides a dose that causes adverse effects threshold effects and doses causing no observed effects the no-observed effect level'or NOEL'Once a study has been evaluated and the observed effects have been determined to be threshold effects EPA generally divides the NOEL from the study with the lowest NOEL by an uncertainty factor usually 100 or more to determine the Reference Dose RfD The RfD is a level at or below which daily aggregate exposure over a lifetime will not pose appreciable risks to human health. An uncertainty factor sometimes called a safety factor'of 100 is commonly used since it is assumed that people may be up to 10 times more sensitive to pesticides than Page 44147 the test animals and that one person or subgroup of the population such as infants and children could be up to 10 times more sensitive to a pesticide than another. In addition EPA assesses the potential risks to infants and children based on the weight of the evidence of the toxicology studies and determines whether an additional uncertainty factor is warranted. Thus an aggregate daily exposure to a pesticide residue at or below the RfD expressed as 100 or less of the RfD is generally considered acceptable by EPA. EPA generally uses the RfD to evaluate the chronic risks posed by pesticide exposure. For shorter term risks EPA calculates a margin of exposure MOE by dividing the estimated human exposure into the NOEL from the appropriate animal study. Lifetime feeding studies in two species of laboratory animals are conducted to screen pesticides for cancer effects. When evidence of increased cancer is noted in these studies the Agency conducts a weight of the evidence review of all relevant toxicological data including short-term and mutagenicity studies and structure activity relationship. Once a pesticide has been classified as a potential human carcinogen different types of risk assessments e.g. linear low dose extrapolations or MOE calculation based on the appropriate NOEL will be carried out based on the nature of the carcinogenic response and the Agency's knowledge of its mode of action. The toxicological effects of a pesticide can vary with different exposure durations. EPA considers the entire toxicity data base and based on the effects seen for different durations and routes of exposure determines which risk assessments should be done to assure that the public is adequately protected from any pesticide exposure scenario. Typically risk assessments include acute short-term intermediate term and chronic'risks. These assessments are defined by the Agency as follows. Acute risk by the Agency's definition results from 1-day consumption of food and water and reflects toxicity which could be expressed following a single oral exposure to the pesticide residues. Short-term risk results from exposure to the pesticide for a period of 1-7 days and therefore overlaps with the acute risk assessment. Historically this risk assessment was intended to address primarily dermal and inhalation exposure which could result for example from residential pesticide applications. However since enaction of FQPA this assessment has been expanded to include both dietary and non-dietary sources of exposure and will typically consider exposure from food water and residential uses when reliable data are available. In this assessment risks from average food and water exposure and high-end residential exposure are aggregated. High-end exposures from all three sources are not typically added because of the very low probability of this occurring in most cases and because the other conservative assumptions built into the assessment assure adequate protection of public health. However for cases in which high-end exposure can reasonably be expected from multiple sources e.g. frequent and widespread homeowner use in a specific geographical area multiple high-end risks will be aggregated and presented as part of the comprehensive risk assessment characterization. Since the toxicological endpoint considered in this assessment reflects exposure over a period of at least 7 days an additional degree of conservatism is built into the assessment i.e. the risk assessment nominally covers 1-7 days exposure and the toxicological endpoint NOEL is selected to be adequate for at least 7 days of exposure. Toxicity results at lower levels when the dosing duration is increased. This assessment is handled in a manner similar to the short-term risk assessment. Chronic risk assessment describes risk which could result from several months to a lifetime of exposure. For this assessment risks are aggregated considering average exposure from all sources for representative population subgroups including infants and children. Aggregate Exposure In examining aggregate exposure FFDCA section 408 requires that EPA take into account available and reliable information concerning exposure from the pesticide residue in the food in question residues in other foods for which there are tolerances residues in groundwater or surface water that is consumed as drinking water and other non-occupational exposures through pesticide use in gardens lawns or buildings residential and other indoor uses Dietary exposure to residues of a pesticide in a food commodity are estimated by multiplying the average daily consumption of the food forms of that commodity by the tolerance level or the anticipated pesticide residue level. The Theoretical Maximum Residue Contribution TMRC is an estimate of the level of residues consumed daily if each food item contained pesticide residues equal to the tolerance. In evaluating food exposures EPA takes into account varying consumption patterns of major identifiable subgroups of consumers including infants and children.The TMRC is a worst case'estimate since it is based on the assumptions that food contains pesticide residues at the tolerance level and that 100 of the crop is treated by pesticides that have established tolerances. If the TMRC exceeds the RfD or poses a lifetime cancer risk that is greater than approximately one in a million EPA attempts to derive a more accurate exposure estimate for the pesticide by evaluating additional types of information anticipated residue data and or percent of crop treated data which show generally that pesticide residues in most foods when they are eaten are well below established tolerances. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety Consistent with section 408 b 2 D EPA has reviewed the available scientific data and other relevant information in support of this action EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of triasulfuron and to make a determination on aggregate exposure consistent with section 408 b 2 for a tolerance for residues of triasulfuron on cattle kidney at 0.5 ppm goat kidney at 0.5 ppm grass forage at 7.0 ppm grass hay at 2.0 ppm horse kidney at 0.5 ppm and sheep kidney at 0.5 ppm. EPA's assessment of the dietary exposures and risks associated with establishing the tolerance follows. Toxicological Profile EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its validity completeness and reliability as well as the relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities of major identifiable subgroups of consumers including infants and children. The acute inhalation lethal concentation LC INF 50 INF in the rat is 5.19 mg liter 4 hours of exposure for technical grade triasulfuron which is Toxicity Category IV. Triasulfon is classified in toxicity Category III for eye irritation rabbit toxicity Category IV for skin irritation and did not cause dermal sensitization. Subchronic Toxicity technical A 13-week subchronic feeding study in rats produced a NOEL no observable effect level of 10 mg kg day and a LOEL lowest observable effect level of 500 mg kg day based on decreased weight gain and food intake in both sexes. A 21-day dermal toxicity study in rabbits produced no NOEL for systemic effects a NOEL for irritation of 1 000 mg kg day and a LOEL for systemic effects of 10 mg kg day based on dyspnea and ruffled fur that were not considered appropriate endpoints for human risk assessment. Chronic toxicity technical A chronic feeding study in dogs produced a NOEL of 2.5 mg kg day and a LOEL of 25 mg kg day based on increased prostrate cystic hyperplasia. An carcinogenicity study in mice produced a NOEL of 1.2 mg kg day and a LOEL of 129 mg kg day based on centrilobular hepatocytomegaly in male mice. A chronic feeding carcinogenicity study in rats produced a NOEL of 32.1 mg kg day and a LOEL of 220.8 mg kg day based on decreased mean body weight and decreased body weight gain. A toxicological effect attributable to a single exposure dose was not identified in the studies available in the data base including the developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits. Additionally there were no data requirements for acute or subchronic rat neurotoxicity studies since there was no evidence of neurotoxicity in any of the toxicology studies at very high doses. The short-and intermediate-term dermal and inhalation endpoints are based on oral developmental and subchronic studies respectively and route-to-route extrapolation. The short-term dermal and inhalation No Observable Effect Level NOEL dose of 100 mg kg day is based on decreased body weight and decreased body weight gain in pregnant rats while the intermediate-term dermal and inhalation NOEL dose of 10 mg kg day is based on decreased body weight and food intake in rats of both sexes. EPA has established the RfD for triasulfuron at 0.01 milligrams kilogram day mg kg day This RfD is based on the NOEL of 1.2 mg kg day established from the chronic feeding carcinogenicity study in mice. Tolerances have been established 40 CFR 180.459 for the residues of triasulfuron in or on a variety of raw agricultural commodities. Permanent tolerances are already established on barley wheat and various livestock commodities fat meat and meat by product of cattle hogs sheep goats and horses other than kidney and milk. Risk assessments were conducted by EPA to assess dietary exposures and risks from triasulfuron as follows i. Acute dietary risk assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide if a toxicological study has indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring as a result of a one day or single exposure. An acute dietary risk assessment is not required because no acute toxicological endpoints were identified for triasulfuron. The Dietary Risk Exposure System DRES was used for conducting a chronic dietary food only exposure analysis The analysis evaluates individual food consumption as reported by respondents in the USDA 1977-78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey and accumulates exposure to the chemical for each commodity. In conducting this chronic dietary food risk assessment the Agency has made very conservative assumptions that all commodities having triasulfuron tolerances will contain residues of triasulfuron and those residues will be at the level of the tolerance. Using the assumptions and data parameters described above the DRES exposure analysis results in an exposure that is equivalent to the following percentages of the RfD Population Subgroup Exposure mg kg day RfD U.S. Population 48 states 0.00046 4.6 Nursing Infants 1 year old 0.00040 4.0 Non-Nursing Infants 1 year old 0.0015 15 Children 1-6 years old 0.0011 11 Children 7-12 years old 0.00073 7.3 Females 13-19 years old not preg. No monitoring data are available to perform a quantitative drinking water risk assessment for triasulfuron at this time. This assessment utilized the SCI-GROW and GENEEC screening models to provide estimates of ground and surface water contamination respectively from triasulfuron but did not consider the behavior of degradates. An acute drinking water risk assessment is not required because no acute toxicological endpoints were identified for triasulfuron. Based on the chronic dietary food exposure and using default body weights and water consumption figures chronic drinking water levels of concern DWLOC for drinking water were calculated. To calculate the DWLOC the chronic dietary food exposure was subtracted from the RfD. Chronic water exposure mg kg day x body weight DWLOC INF chronic INF consumption L x 10 SUP 3 SUP mg greek-m g where chronic water exposure mg kg day RfD chronic food residential exposure mg kg day The Agency's default body weights and water consumption values used to calculate DWLOCs are as follows 70 kg 2L adult male 60 kg 2L adult female and 10 kg 1L child For the most highly exposed populations subgroup non-nursing infants 1 year old chronic dietary food only exposure occupies 15 of the RfD. This is a conservative risk estimate for reasons described above. The predicted 56-day average surface water concentration by the GENEEC model is 1.68 g L ppb and the estimated ground water concentration by the SCI-GROW model is 0.19 g L ppb Therefore exposure from water is below EPA's DWLOC for chronic dietary exposure for all of the populations examined. Cumulative exposure to substances with common mechanism of toxicity. Section 408 b 2 D v requires that when considering whether to establish modify or revoke a tolerance the Agency consider available information'concerning the cumulative effects of a particular pesticide's residues and other substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity. The Agency believes that available information'in this context might include not only toxicity chemistry and exposure data but also scientific policies and methodologies for understanding common mechanisms of toxicity and conducting cumulative risk assessments. For most pesticides although the Agency has some information in its files that may turn out to be helpful in eventually determining whether a pesticide shares a common mechanism of toxicity with any other substances EPA does not at this time have the methodologies to resolve the complex scientific issues concerning common mechanism of toxicity in a meaningful way. EPA has begun a pilot process to study this issue further through the examination of particular classes of pesticides. The Agency hopes that the results of this pilot process will increase the Agency's scientific understanding of this question such that EPA will be able to develop and apply scientific principles for better determining which chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and evaluating the cumulative effects of such chemicals. The Agency anticipates however that even as its understanding of the science of common mechanisms increases decisions on specific classes of chemicals will be heavily dependent on chemical specific data much of which may not be presently available. Although at present the Agency does not know how to apply the information in its files concerning common mechanism issues to most risk assessments there are pesticides as to which the common mechanism issues can be resolved. These pesticides include pesticides that are toxicologically dissimilar to existing chemical substances in which case the Agency can conclude that it is unlikely that a pesticide shares a common mechanism of activity with other substances and pesticides that produce a common toxic metabolite in which case common mechanism of activity will be assumed. EPA does not have at this time available data to determine whether triasulfuron has a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances or how to include this pesticide in a cumulative risk assessment. Unlike other pesticides for which EPA has followed a cumulative risk approach based on a common mechanism of toxicity triasulfuron does not appear to produce a toxic metabolite produced by other substances. For the purposes of this tolerance action therefore EPA has not assumed that triasulfuron has a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. The Agency has concluded that the acute aggregate risk from the proposed use is acceptable. A toxicological effect attributable to a single exposure dose was not identified in any of the studies available in the data base 2. Using the TMRC exposure assumptions described above EPA has concluded that aggregate exposure to triasulfuron from food will utilize 4.6 of the RfD for the U.S. EPA generally has no concern for exposures below 100 of the RfD because the RfD represents the level at or below which daily aggregate dietary exposure over a lifetime will not pose appreciable risks to human health. Despite the potential for exposure to triasulfuron in drinking water and the diet EPA does not expect the aggregate exposure to exceed 100 of the RfD. In 1991 the Agency classified triasulfuron as a Group E Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans. Therefore the proposed use is not expected to pose an unacceptable carcinogenic risk. EPA concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to triasulfuron residues in food and drinking water. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety for Infants and Children 1. In assessing the potential for additional sensitivity of infants and children to residues of triasulfuron EPA considered data from developmental toxicity studies in the rat and rabbit and a two-generation reproduction study in the rat. The developmental toxicity studies are designed to evaluate adverse effects on the developing organism resulting from maternal pesticide exposure during gestation. Reproduction studies provide information relating to effects from exposure to the pesticide on the reproductive capability of mating animals and data on systemic toxicity. FFDCA section 408 provides that EPA shall apply an additional tenfold margin of safety for infants and children in the case of threshold effects to account for pre-and post-natal toxicity and the completeness of the database unless EPA determines that a different margin of safety will be safe for infants and children. incorporated into EPA risk assessments either directly through use of a MOE analysis or through using uncertainty safety factors in calculating a dose level that poses no appreciable risk to humans. EPA believes that reliable data support using the standard uncertainty factor usually 100 for combined inter-and intra-species variability and not the additional tenfold MOE uncertainty is not necessary because EPA has a complete data base under existing guidelines and when the severity of the Page 44150 effect in infants or children or the potency or unusual toxic properties do not raise concerns regarding the adequacy of the standard MOE safety factor. Developmental toxicity studies. The maternal NOEL was 100 mg kg day and the maternal LOEL was 300 mg kg day based on decreased body weight and decreased body weight gain during gestation. The developmental NOEL and LOEL were 300 and 900 mg kg day HDT respectively based on reduced ossification of vertebrae metatarsals and phalanges. Triasulfuron was administered to pregnant female chinchilla rabbits by gavage at dose levels of 0 40 120 or 240 mg kg from days 6 through 18 of gestation. Maternal toxicity was observed at 240 mg kg day manifested as decreased body weight gain during gestation. Triasulfuron was evaluated in a 2-generation reproduction study in the Sprague-Dawley rat. The parental LOEL is 250 mg kg day based on significant decreases in premating and total body weight gain for the F0 and F1 parental animals. The reproductive NOEL and LOELs are 50 and 250 mg kg day respectively based on reduced F1a pup weights at birth and during lactation iv. The data provided noindication of increased susceptibility of rats or rabbits to in utero and or postnatal exposure to triasulfuron. In the prenatal developmental toxicity study in rats developmental toxicity was seen only in the presence of maternal toxicity. In the developmental toxicity study in rabbits no evidence of developmental toxicity was seen even in the presence of maternal toxicity at the highest dose tested. In the two-generation reproduction study in rats effects in the offspring were observed only at or above treatment levels that resulted in evidence of parental toxicity. In addition there is no indication that triasulfuron is a neurotoxic herbicide. The database is complete and the data provided no indication of increased susceptibility of rats or rabbits to in utero and or postnatal exposure to triasulfuron. Therefore EPA concluded that no additional safety factor is needed to protect the safety of infants and children. Using the conservative exposure assumptions described above EPA has concluded that aggregate exposure to triasulfuron from food will utilize 15 of the RfD for infants and children. EPA generally has no concern for exposures below 100 of the RfD because the RfD represents the level at or below which daily aggregate dietary exposure over a lifetime will not pose appreciable risks to human health. Despite the potential for exposure to triasulfuron in drinking water and the diet EPA does not expect the aggregate exposure to exceed 100 of the RfD. EPA concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to triasulfuron residues in food and drinking water. Metabolism In Plants and Animals In the rat triasulfuron is excreted primarily in the urine 70-99 with lesser amounts excreted in the feces. The majority of excretion occurs in the first 24 hours following exposure. In plants residues of triasulfuron are systemic and the residue of regulating conern is exclusively the parent compound. In wheat the nature of triasulfuron residues and metabolism are adequately understood where metabolism proceeds by hydroxylation of the pheny ring and hydrolytic cleavage of the urea dridge. EPA has concluded that triasulfuron metabolism in wheat can be translated to grasses and that only the parent compound is of regulatory concern in grasses. The nature of the residue in ruminants and poultry is adequately understood. Suitable analytical methodology exists to enforce the extension of the tolerances on grasses. Method AG-500B column switching HPLC with UV detection has undergone successful petition method validations on wheat grain and straw and has been accepted by the Agency as the enforcement analytical method for wheat and barley. The Agency has previously concluded that Method AG-500B is acceptable to enforce tolerances on grass hay and forage. Suitable analytical methodology exists to enforce the tolerances on animal commodities including the tolerances on kidneys. Method AG-508B revised column switching HPLC with UV detection has undergone successful petition method validation on milk beef muscle and kidney and has been accepted by the Agency as the enforcement analytical method for animal commodities. Triasulfuron and four of its metabolites were tested through the FDA multiresidue protocols. Magnitude of Residues The field trial data on grasses support tolerance levels of 7 ppm in grass forage and 2 ppm in grass hay for residues of triasulfuron in conjunction with the proposed use pattern. An acceptable feeding study in dairy cattle conducted at 15 75 and 150 ppm has previously been reviewed and various animal commodity tolerances were subsequently established milk 0.02 ppm meat fat and meat by-products of cattle goats hogs horses and sheep at 0.1 ppm The existing tolerances for triasulfuron in animal commodities are adequate to cover the use of triasulfuron on grasses with the exception of the tolerances on kidneys. Accordingly higher triasulfuron tolerances of 0.5 ppm for the kidneys of cattle goats horses and sheep are required to support the tolerances on grasses. International Residue Limits There are no CODEX Canadian or Mexican maximum residue limits for residues of triasulfuron. Rotational Crop Restrictions There are extensive very specific rotational crop restrictions on the product label for the crops barley rye oats Bermudagrass proso millet field corn grain sorghum soybeans sugar beets sunflowers and onions. Conclusion Therefore the tolerances are established for residues of triasulfuron in cattle goat horse and sheep kidney at 0.5 ppm grass forage at 7 ppm grass hay at 2 ppm. Objections and Hearing Requests The new FFDCA section 408 g provides essentially the same process for persons to object'to a tolerance regulation issued by EPA under new section 408 e and l 6 as was provided in the old section 408 and in section 409. EPA currently has procedural regulations which govern the submission of objections and hearing requests. These regulations will require some modification to reflect the new law. However until those modifications can be made EPA will continue to use those procedural regulations with appropriate adjustments to reflect the new law. Any person may by October 19 1998 file written objections to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a hearing on those objections. Objections and hearing requests must be filed with the Hearing Clerk at the address given above 40 CFR 178.20 A copy of the objections and or hearing requests filed with the Hearing Clerk should be submitted to the OPP docket for this rulemaking. The objections submitted must specify the provisions of the regulation deemed objectionable and the grounds for the objections 40 CFR 178.25 Each objection must be accompanied by the fee prescribed by 40 CFR 180.33 i If a hearing is requested the objections must include a statement of the factual issues on which a hearing is requested the requestor's contentions on such issues and a summary of any evidence relied upon by the requestor 40 CFR 178.27 A request for a hearing will be granted if the Administrator determines that the material submitted shows the following There is genuine and substantial issue of fact there is a reasonable possibility that available evidence identified by the requestor would if established resolve one or more of such issues in favor of the requestor taking into account uncontested claims or facts to the contrary and resolution of the factual issues in the manner sought by the requestor would be adequate to justify the action requested 40 CFR 178.32 Information submitted in connection with an objection or hearing request may be claimed confidential by marking any part or all of that information as Confidential Business Information CBI Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. Information not marked confidential may be disclosed publicly by EPA without prior notice. Public Record and Electronic Submissions EPA has established a record for this rulemaking under docket control number OPP-300700 including any comments and data submitted electronically A public version of this record including printed paper versions of electronic comments which does not include any information claimed as CBI is available for inspection from 8 30 a.m. 119 of the Public Information and Records Integrity Branch Information Resources and Services Division 7502C Office of Pesticide Programs Environmental Protection Agency Crystal Mall 2 1921 Jefferson Davis Highway Arlington VA. Electronic comments must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the use of special characters and any form of encryption. Accordingly EPA will transfer any copies of objections and hearing requests received electronically into printed paper form as they are received and will place the paper copies in the official rulemaking record which will also include all comments submitted directly in writing. The official rulemaking record is the paper record maintained at the Virginia address in ADDRESSES at the beginning of this document. Regulatory Assessment Requirements This final rule establishes a tolerance under FFDCA section 408 d inresponse to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of Management and Budget OMB has exempted these types of actions from review under Executive Order 12866 entitled Regulatory Planning and Review 58 FR 51735 October 4 1993 This final rule does not contain any information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act PRA 44 U.S.C. or impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 UMRA Pub. 104-4 Nor does it require any prior consultation as specified by Executive Order 12875 entitled Enhancing the Intergovernmental Partnership 58 FR 58093 October 28 1993 or special considerations as required by Executive Order 12898 entitled Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations 59 FR 7629 February 16 1994 or require OMB review in accordance with Executive Order 13045 entitled Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks 62 FR 19885 April 23 1997 In addition since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis of a petition under FFDCA section 408 d such as the tolerance in this final rule do not require the issuance of a proposed rule the requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act RFA 5 U.S.C. Nevertheless the Agency haspreviously assessed whether establishing tolerances exemptions from tolerances raising tolerance levels or expanding exemptions might adversely impact small entities and concluded as a generic matter that there is no adverse economic impact. The factual basis for the Agency's generic certification for tolerance actions published on May 4 1981 46 FR 24950 and was provided to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General The Congressional Review Act 5 U.S.C. as added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fariness Act of 1996 generally provides that before a rule may take effect the Agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report which includes a copy of the rule to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. House of Representatives and the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of the rule in Page 44152 the Federal Register. 804 2 List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180 Environmental protection Administrative practice and procedure Agricultural commodities Pesticides and pests Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Therefore 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows PART 180 AMENDED 1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows Authority 21 U.S.C. In paragraph b by alphabetically adding the commodities to the table in paragraph a removing the remaining text and by reserving and adding a heading. Reserved c Tolerances with regional registrations. Reserved d Indirect or inadvertent residues.
  [Contents]
- Useful Info: Feeding the Older or Anorexic Horse - http://www.equiresource.com/usefulinfo/HN_Old_horse_feed.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Useful Info Feeding the Older or Anorexic Horse. Connie Micheletti. Carrousel Farm Older or convalescing horses have special needs with regards to their diet and meeting these needs can mean the difference between a successful recovery or a long life or a steady decline leading to a premature death. A horse that doesn't feel well for whatever reason arthritis injury illness etc usually exhibits a decreased appetite. This initial decrease in appetite can result in a downward spiral that becomes difficult to arrest. You already know that it's best to feed small amounts several times a day to keep your horse maximally happy and reduce the likelihood of him chewing his stall down for entertainment. The problem is it's usually full of hay from a previous feeding Fresh hay and feed will tempt the horse's appetite much better than that which is leftover from a previous feeding. Change the haynet completely at each feeding you can recycle the leftovers to a stablemate with a good appetite Likewise remove any uneaten grain or pellet mixture clean the feed tub and begin afresh. Horses are very sensitive to changes in their surroundings and are schedule oriented. Has your horse recently lost his best friend because a boarder moved out Is your horse being bullied in the pasture by another horse Have you had his teeth checked and consulted your worming schedule Is he fretting because he can see horses in another pasture or paddock but has no access to them The better you know your horse's personality and temperament the more likely you'll be to spot a small but significant change in his routine that could be upsetting him and putting him off his feed. Then when he goes off his feed you can weigh any leftovers and determine just how serious the situation is. Some horses are very easily put off their feed while others would wolf their dinner with one leg amputated and someone sawing on the others Your horse's metabolism changes as he grows older too and he becomes less efficient at processing the feed you give him. A word of caution here be sure to maintain the correct calcium phosphorus ratio or you could exacerbate arthritic changes by supplying an overabundance of the former leading to the development of calcium deposits been there done that You may want to supplement with one of the horsey acidopholus additives that help to promote friendly flora in the gut. The horse's teeth are designed to continue to grow throughout his lifetime but sometimes horses run out of teeth before they run out of life. Changing to a pelleted ration and if necessary moistening the pellets will allow your toothless friend to continue to thrive. Chopped hay becomes very fluffy so weighing it becomes doubly important to be certain you're giving the right amount weigh it first. it's easier Adding molasses or corn syrup to his grain or hay may help stimulate an appetite if you find something he likes go for it Feeding grain or pellets moistened with warm. Wheat bran is a popular feed additive that most horses enjoy and can increase the palatability of the ration although like so many things it too can cause problems if used to excess. Also if he's lame or arthritic be certain to use a type of bedding that doesn't become tangled in his feet and make it more difficult for him to get around. Do this and follow the guidelines above and chances are you'll be able to jump start your horse's appetite. An old cowboy once told me years ago An eating horse is rarely a dying horse and after nursing numerous old and ill horses back to health I have to say I agree with him CM Go to Horseman's Notebook Index EquiResource Index Tack In The Box If you have problems comments or questions about this site please email webmaster@Equiresource.com.
  [Contents]
- Re: Bermuda Grass - http://www.horseforum.com/bbs/messages/3470.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Follow Ups Post Followup The Horse Forum Advice Column Board Posted by Breezy on April 04 2000 at 22 39 02 In Reply to Bermuda Grass posted by Len on April 03 2000 at 13 50 26 Do you mean the grass or the grass hay In Arizona bermuda grass is used extensively for lawns where I came from we called it crabgrass and here they cultivate it I've used bermuda hay but not too often I'm allergic to it and the horses only pick at it if there's anything else available. Since I had a horse that tended to colic I used timothy hay instead of alfalfa and only bought Bermuda in emergencies when I couldn't get timothy. Local granaries make a Bermuda blend hay pellet also combines alfalfa and bermuda hays. Follow Ups Post a Followup Name E-Mail Subject Comments Optional Link URL Link Title Optional Image URL Follow Ups Post Followup The Horse Forum Advice Column Board.
  [Contents]
- triasulfuron (Amber) Pesticide Tolerance 8/98 - http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/herb-growthreg/sethoxydim-vernolate/triasul...
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: triasulfuron Amber Pesticide Tolerance 8 98. PMEP Home Page Pesticide Active Ingredient Profiles Herbicides and Growth Regulators sethoxydim Poast to vernolate Vernam triasulfuron Amber triasulfuron Amber Pesticide Tolerance 8 98. triasulfuron Amber Pesticide Tolerance 8 98. Federal Register August 18 1998 Volume 63 Number 159 Rules and Regulations Page 44146-44152 From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access DOCID fr18au98-13 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 180 OPP-300700 FRL 6023-8 RIN 2070-AB78 Triasulfuron Pesticide Tolerance AGENCY Environmental Protection Agency EPA ACTION Final rule. SUMMARY This regulation establishes a tolerance for residues of triasulfuron 3-6-methoxy-4-methyl-1 3 5-triazin-2-yl 1-2-2-chloroethoxy phenylsulfonyl urea in or on cattle kidney goat kidney grass forage grass hay horse kidney and sheep kidney. requested this tolerance under the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act FFDCA as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 Pub. Objections and requests for hearings must be received by EPA on or before October 19 1998. ADDRESSES Written objections and hearing requests identified by the docket control number OPP-300700 must be submitted to Hearing Clerk 1900 Environmental Protection Agency Rm. Fees accompanying objections and hearing requests shall be labeled Tolerance Petition Fees'and forwarded to EPA Headquarters Accounting Operations Branch OPP Tolerance Fees P.O. A copy of any objections and hearing requests filed with the Hearing Clerk identified by the docket control number OPP-300700 must also be submitted to Public Information and Records Integrity Branch Information Resources and Services Division 7502C Office of Pesticide Programs Environmental Protection Agency 401 M St. A copy of objections and hearing requests filed with the Hearing Clerk may also be submitted electronically by sending electronic mail e-mail to. Copies of objections and hearing requests must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the use of special characters and any form of encryption. Copies of objections and hearing requests will also be accepted on disks in WordPerfect 5.1 6.1 or ASCII file format. All copies of objections and hearing requests in electronic form must be identified by the docket control number OPP-300700 No Confidential Business Information CBI should be submitted through e-mail. Electronic copies of objections and hearing requests on this rule may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT By mail Jim Tompkins Registration Division 7505C Office of Pesticide Programs Environmental Protection Agency 401 M St. Office location telephone number and e-mail address Crystal Mall 2 1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION In the Federal Register of May 29 1998 63 FR 29401 FRL 5791-2 EPA issued a notice pursuant to section 408 of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act FFDCA 21 U.S.C. 346a e announcing the filing of a pesticide petition PP 3F4225 for tolerance by Novartis Crop Protection Inc. This notice included a summary of the petition prepared by Novartis Crop Protection Inc. The petition requested that 40 CFR 180.459 be amended by establishing a permanent tolerance for residues of the herbicide triasulfuron in or on cattle kidney at 0.5 parts per million ppm goat kidney at 0.5 ppm grass forage at 7.0 ppm grass hay at 2.0 ppm horse kidney at 0.5 ppm and sheep kidney at 0.5 ppm. Risk Assessment and Statutory Findings New section 408 b 2 A i of the FFDCA allows EPA to establish a tolerance the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a food only if EPA determines that the tolerance is safe. Section 408 b 2 A ii defines safe'to mean that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable information. This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408 b 2 C requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue. EPA performs a number of analyses to determine the risks from aggregate exposure to pesticide residues. First EPA determines the toxicity of pesticides based primarily on toxicological studies using laboratory animals. These studies address many adverse health effects including but not limited to reproductive effects developmental toxicity toxicity to the nervous system and carcinogenicity. Second EPA examines exposure to the pesticide through the diet e.g. food and drinking water and through exposures that occur as a result of pesticide use in residential settings. For many animal studies a dose response relationship can be determined which provides a dose that causes adverse effects threshold effects and doses causing no observed effects the no-observed effect level'or NOEL'Once a study has been evaluated and the observed effects have been determined to be threshold effects EPA generally divides the NOEL from the study with the lowest NOEL by an uncertainty factor usually 100 or more to determine the Reference Dose RfD The RfD is a level at or below which daily aggregate exposure over a lifetime will not pose appreciable risks to human health. An uncertainty factor sometimes called a safety factor'of 100 is commonly used since it is assumed that people may be up to 10 times more sensitive to pesticides than Page 44147 the test animals and that one person or subgroup of the population such as infants and children could be up to 10 times more sensitive to a pesticide than another. In addition EPA assesses the potential risks to infants and children based on the weight of the evidence of the toxicology studies and determines whether an additional uncertainty factor is warranted. Thus an aggregate daily exposure to a pesticide residue at or below the RfD expressed as 100 or less of the RfD is generally considered acceptable by EPA. EPA generally uses the RfD to evaluate the chronic risks posed by pesticide exposure. For shorter term risks EPA calculates a margin of exposure MOE by dividing the estimated human exposure into the NOEL from the appropriate animal study. Lifetime feeding studies in two species of laboratory animals are conducted to screen pesticides for cancer effects. When evidence of increased cancer is noted in these studies the Agency conducts a weight of the evidence review of all relevant toxicological data including short-term and mutagenicity studies and structure activity relationship. Once a pesticide has been classified as a potential human carcinogen different types of risk assessments e.g. linear low dose extrapolations or MOE calculation based on the appropriate NOEL will be carried out based on the nature of the carcinogenic response and the Agency's knowledge of its mode of action. The toxicological effects of a pesticide can vary with different exposure durations. EPA considers the entire toxicity data base and based on the effects seen for different durations and routes of exposure determines which risk assessments should be done to assure that the public is adequately protected from any pesticide exposure scenario. Typically risk assessments include acute short-term intermediate term and chronic'risks. These assessments are defined by the Agency as follows. Acute risk by the Agency's definition results from 1-day consumption of food and water and reflects toxicity which could be expressed following a single oral exposure to the pesticide residues. Short-term risk results from exposure to the pesticide for a period of 1-7 days and therefore overlaps with the acute risk assessment. Historically this risk assessment was intended to address primarily dermal and inhalation exposure which could result for example from residential pesticide applications. However since enaction of FQPA this assessment has been expanded to include both dietary and non-dietary sources of exposure and will typically consider exposure from food water and residential uses when reliable data are available. In this assessment risks from average food and water exposure and high-end residential exposure are aggregated. High-end exposures from all three sources are not typically added because of the very low probability of this occurring in most cases and because the other conservative assumptions built into the assessment assure adequate protection of public health. However for cases in which high-end exposure can reasonably be expected from multiple sources e.g. frequent and widespread homeowner use in a specific geographical area multiple high-end risks will be aggregated and presented as part of the comprehensive risk assessment characterization. Since the toxicological endpoint considered in this assessment reflects exposure over a period of at least 7 days an additional degree of conservatism is built into the assessment i.e. the risk assessment nominally covers 1-7 days exposure and the toxicological endpoint NOEL is selected to be adequate for at least 7 days of exposure. Toxicity results at lower levels when the dosing duration is increased. This assessment is handled in a manner similar to the short-term risk assessment. Chronic risk assessment describes risk which could result from several months to a lifetime of exposure. For this assessment risks are aggregated considering average exposure from all sources for representative population subgroups including infants and children. Aggregate Exposure In examining aggregate exposure FFDCA section 408 requires that EPA take into account available and reliable information concerning exposure from the pesticide residue in the food in question residues in other foods for which there are tolerances residues in groundwater or surface water that is consumed as drinking water and other non-occupational exposures through pesticide use in gardens lawns or buildings residential and other indoor uses Dietary exposure to residues of a pesticide in a food commodity are estimated by multiplying the average daily consumption of the food forms of that commodity by the tolerance level or the anticipated pesticide residue level. The Theoretical Maximum Residue Contribution TMRC is an estimate of the level of residues consumed daily if each food item contained pesticide residues equal to the tolerance. In evaluating food exposures EPA takes into account varying consumption patterns of major identifiable subgroups of consumers including infants and children.The TMRC is a worst case'estimate since it is based on the assumptions that food contains pesticide residues at the tolerance level and that 100 of the crop is treated by pesticides that have established tolerances. If the TMRC exceeds the RfD or poses a lifetime cancer risk that is greater than approximately one in a million EPA attempts to derive a more accurate exposure estimate for the pesticide by evaluating additional types of information anticipated residue data and or percent of crop treated data which show generally that pesticide residues in most foods when they are eaten are well below established tolerances. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety Consistent with section 408 b 2 D EPA has reviewed the available scientific data and other relevant information in support of this action EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of triasulfuron and to make a determination on aggregate exposure consistent with section 408 b 2 for a tolerance for residues of triasulfuron on cattle kidney at 0.5 ppm goat kidney at 0.5 ppm grass forage at 7.0 ppm grass hay at 2.0 ppm horse kidney at 0.5 ppm and sheep kidney at 0.5 ppm. EPA's assessment of the dietary exposures and risks associated with establishing the tolerance follows. Toxicological Profile EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its validity completeness and reliability as well as the relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities of major identifiable subgroups of consumers including infants and children. The acute inhalation lethal concentation LC INF 50 INF in the rat is 5.19 mg liter 4 hours of exposure for technical grade triasulfuron which is Toxicity Category IV. Triasulfon is classified in toxicity Category III for eye irritation rabbit toxicity Category IV for skin irritation and did not cause dermal sensitization. Subchronic Toxicity technical A 13-week subchronic feeding study in rats produced a NOEL no observable effect level of 10 mg kg day and a LOEL lowest observable effect level of 500 mg kg day based on decreased weight gain and food intake in both sexes. A 21-day dermal toxicity study in rabbits produced no NOEL for systemic effects a NOEL for irritation of 1 000 mg kg day and a LOEL for systemic effects of 10 mg kg day based on dyspnea and ruffled fur that were not considered appropriate endpoints for human risk assessment. Chronic toxicity technical A chronic feeding study in dogs produced a NOEL of 2.5 mg kg day and a LOEL of 25 mg kg day based on increased prostrate cystic hyperplasia. An carcinogenicity study in mice produced a NOEL of 1.2 mg kg day and a LOEL of 129 mg kg day based on centrilobular hepatocytomegaly in male mice. A chronic feeding carcinogenicity study in rats produced a NOEL of 32.1 mg kg day and a LOEL of 220.8 mg kg day based on decreased mean body weight and decreased body weight gain. A toxicological effect attributable to a single exposure dose was not identified in the studies available in the data base including the developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits. Additionally there were no data requirements for acute or subchronic rat neurotoxicity studies since there was no evidence of neurotoxicity in any of the toxicology studies at very high doses. The short-and intermediate-term dermal and inhalation endpoints are based on oral developmental and subchronic studies respectively and route-to-route extrapolation. The short-term dermal and inhalation No Observable Effect Level NOEL dose of 100 mg kg day is based on decreased body weight and decreased body weight gain in pregnant rats while the intermediate-term dermal and inhalation NOEL dose of 10 mg kg day is based on decreased body weight and food intake in rats of both sexes. EPA has established the RfD for triasulfuron at 0.01 milligrams kilogram day mg kg day This RfD is based on the NOEL of 1.2 mg kg day established from the chronic feeding carcinogenicity study in mice. Tolerances have been established 40 CFR 180.459 for the residues of triasulfuron in or on a variety of raw agricultural commodities. Permanent tolerances are already established on barley wheat and various livestock commodities fat meat and meat by product of cattle hogs sheep goats and horses other than kidney and milk. Risk assessments were conducted by EPA to assess dietary exposures and risks from triasulfuron as follows i. Acute dietary risk assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide if a toxicological study has indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring as a result of a one day or single exposure. An acute dietary risk assessment is not required because no acute toxicological endpoints were identified for triasulfuron. The Dietary Risk Exposure System DRES was used for conducting a chronic dietary food only exposure analysis The analysis evaluates individual food consumption as reported by respondents in the USDA 1977-78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey and accumulates exposure to the chemical for each commodity. In conducting this chronic dietary food risk assessment the Agency has made very conservative assumptions that all commodities having triasulfuron tolerances will contain residues of triasulfuron and those residues will be at the level of the tolerance. Using the assumptions and data parameters described above the DRES exposure analysis results in an exposure that is equivalent to the following percentages of the RfD Population Subgroup Exposure mg kg day RfD U.S. Population 48 states 0.00046 4.6 Nursing Infants 1 year old 0.00040 4.0 Non-Nursing Infants 1 year old 0.0015 15 Children 1-6 years old 0.0011 11 Children 7-12 years old 0.00073 7.3 Females 13-19 years old not preg. No monitoring data are available to perform a quantitative drinking water risk assessment for triasulfuron at this time. This assessment utilized the SCI-GROW and GENEEC screening models to provide estimates of ground and surface water contamination respectively from triasulfuron but did not consider the behavior of degradates. An acute drinking water risk assessment is not required because no acute toxicological endpoints were identified for triasulfuron. Based on the chronic dietary food exposure and using default body weights and water consumption figures chronic drinking water levels of concern DWLOC for drinking water were calculated. To calculate the DWLOC the chronic dietary food exposure was subtracted from the RfD. Chronic water exposure mg kg day x body weight DWLOC INF chronic INF consumption L x 10 SUP 3 SUP mg greek-m g where chronic water exposure mg kg day RfD chronic food residential exposure mg kg day The Agency's default body weights and water consumption values used to calculate DWLOCs are as follows 70 kg 2L adult male 60 kg 2L adult female and 10 kg 1L child For the most highly exposed populations subgroup non-nursing infants 1 year old chronic dietary food only exposure occupies 15 of the RfD. This is a conservative risk estimate for reasons described above. The predicted 56-day average surface water concentration by the GENEEC model is 1.68 g L ppb and the estimated ground water concentration by the SCI-GROW model is 0.19 g L ppb Therefore exposure from water is below EPA's DWLOC for chronic dietary exposure for all of the populations examined. Cumulative exposure to substances with common mechanism of toxicity. Section 408 b 2 D v requires that when considering whether to establish modify or revoke a tolerance the Agency consider available information'concerning the cumulative effects of a particular pesticide's residues and other substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity. The Agency believes that available information'in this context might include not only toxicity chemistry and exposure data but also scientific policies and methodologies for understanding common mechanisms of toxicity and conducting cumulative risk assessments. For most pesticides although the Agency has some information in its files that may turn out to be helpful in eventually determining whether a pesticide shares a common mechanism of toxicity with any other substances EPA does not at this time have the methodologies to resolve the complex scientific issues concerning common mechanism of toxicity in a meaningful way. EPA has begun a pilot process to study this issue further through the examination of particular classes of pesticides. The Agency hopes that the results of this pilot process will increase the Agency's scientific understanding of this question such that EPA will be able to develop and apply scientific principles for better determining which chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and evaluating the cumulative effects of such chemicals. The Agency anticipates however that even as its understanding of the science of common mechanisms increases decisions on specific classes of chemicals will be heavily dependent on chemical specific data much of which may not be presently available. Although at present the Agency does not know how to apply the information in its files concerning common mechanism issues to most risk assessments there are pesticides as to which the common mechanism issues can be resolved. These pesticides include pesticides that are toxicologically dissimilar to existing chemical substances in which case the Agency can conclude that it is unlikely that a pesticide shares a common mechanism of activity with other substances and pesticides that produce a common toxic metabolite in which case common mechanism of activity will be assumed. EPA does not have at this time available data to determine whether triasulfuron has a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances or how to include this pesticide in a cumulative risk assessment. Unlike other pesticides for which EPA has followed a cumulative risk approach based on a common mechanism of toxicity triasulfuron does not appear to produce a toxic metabolite produced by other substances. For the purposes of this tolerance action therefore EPA has not assumed that triasulfuron has a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. The Agency has concluded that the acute aggregate risk from the proposed use is acceptable. A toxicological effect attributable to a single exposure dose was not identified in any of the studies available in the data base 2. Using the TMRC exposure assumptions described above EPA has concluded that aggregate exposure to triasulfuron from food will utilize 4.6 of the RfD for the U.S. EPA generally has no concern for exposures below 100 of the RfD because the RfD represents the level at or below which daily aggregate dietary exposure over a lifetime will not pose appreciable risks to human health. Despite the potential for exposure to triasulfuron in drinking water and the diet EPA does not expect the aggregate exposure to exceed 100 of the RfD. In 1991 the Agency classified triasulfuron as a Group E Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans. Therefore the proposed use is not expected to pose an unacceptable carcinogenic risk. EPA concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to triasulfuron residues in food and drinking water. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety for Infants and Children 1. In assessing the potential for additional sensitivity of infants and children to residues of triasulfuron EPA considered data from developmental toxicity studies in the rat and rabbit and a two-generation reproduction study in the rat. The developmental toxicity studies are designed to evaluate adverse effects on the developing organism resulting from maternal pesticide exposure during gestation. Reproduction studies provide information relating to effects from exposure to the pesticide on the reproductive capability of mating animals and data on systemic toxicity. FFDCA section 408 provides that EPA shall apply an additional tenfold margin of safety for infants and children in the case of threshold effects to account for pre-and post-natal toxicity and the completeness of the database unless EPA determines that a different margin of safety will be safe for infants and children. Margins of safety are incorporated into EPA risk assessments either directly through use of a MOE analysis or through using uncertainty safety factors in calculating a dose level that poses no appreciable risk to humans. EPA believes that reliable data support using the standard uncertainty factor usually 100 for combined inter-and intra-species variability and not the additional. tenfold MOE uncertainty is not necessary because EPA has a complete data base under existing guidelines and when the severity of the Page 44150 effect in infants or children or the potency or unusual toxic properties do not raise concerns regarding the adequacy of the standard MOE safety factor. Developmental toxicity studies. Triasulfuron was evaluated in a developmental study in Tif RAIF SPF rats. The maternal NOEL was 100 mg kg day and the maternal LOEL was 300 mg kg day based on decreased body weight and decreased body weight gain during gestation. The developmental NOEL and LOEL were 300 and 900 mg kg day HDT respectively based on reduced ossification of vertebrae metatarsals and phalanges. Triasulfuron was administered to pregnant female chinchilla rabbits by gavage at dose levels of 0 40 120 or 240 mg kg from days 6 through 18 of gestation. Maternal toxicity was observed at 240 mg kg day manifested as decreased body weight gain during gestation. Triasulfuron was evaluated in a 2-generation reproduction study in the Sprague-Dawley rat. The parental LOEL is 250 mg kg day based on significant decreases in premating and total body weight gain for the F0 and F1 parental animals. The reproductive NOEL and LOELs are 50 and 250 mg kg day respectively based on reduced F1a pup weights at birth and during lactation iv. The data provided noindication of increased susceptibility of rats or rabbits to in utero and or postnatal exposure to triasulfuron. In the prenatal developmental toxicity study in rats developmental toxicity was seen only in the presence of maternal toxicity. In the developmental toxicity study in rabbits no evidence of developmental toxicity was seen even in the presence of maternal toxicity at the highest dose tested. In the two-generation reproduction study in rats effects in the offspring were observed only at or above treatment levels that resulted in evidence of parental toxicity. In addition there is no indication that triasulfuron is a neurotoxic herbicide. The database is complete and the data provided no indication of increased susceptibility of rats or rabbits to in utero and or postnatal exposure to triasulfuron. Therefore EPA concluded that no additional safety factor is needed to protect the safety of infants and children. Using the conservative exposure assumptions described above EPA has concluded that aggregate exposure to triasulfuron from food will utilize 15 of the RfD for infants and children. EPA generally has no concern for exposures below 100 of the RfD because the RfD represents the level at or below which daily aggregate dietary exposure over a lifetime will not pose appreciable risks to human health. Despite the potential for exposure to triasulfuron in drinking water and the diet EPA does not expect the aggregate exposure to exceed 100 of the RfD. EPA concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to triasulfuron residues in food and drinking water. Metabolism In Plants and Animals In the rat triasulfuron is excreted primarily in the urine 70-99 with lesser amounts excreted in the feces. The majority of excretion occurs in the first 24 hours following exposure. In plants residues of triasulfuron are systemic and the residue of regulating conern is exclusively the parent compound. In wheat the nature of triasulfuron residues and metabolism are adequately understood where metabolism proceeds by hydroxylation of the pheny ring and hydrolytic cleavage of the urea dridge. EPA has concluded that triasulfuron metabolism in wheat can be translated to grasses and that only the parent compound is of regulatory concern in grasses. The nature of the residue in ruminants and poultry is adequately understood. Suitable analytical methodology exists to enforce the extension of the tolerances on grasses. Method AG-500B column switching HPLC with UV detection has undergone successful petition method validations on wheat grain and straw and has been accepted by the Agency as the enforcement analytical method for wheat and barley. The Agency has previously concluded that Method AG-500B is acceptable to enforce tolerances on grass hay and forage. Suitable analytical methodology exists to enforce the tolerances on animal commodities including the tolerances on kidneys. Method AG-508B revised column switching HPLC with UV detection has undergone successful petition method validation on milk beef muscle and kidney and has been accepted by the Agency as the enforcement analytical method for animal commodities. Triasulfuron and four of its metabolites were tested through the FDA multiresidue protocols. Magnitude of Residues The field trial data on grasses support tolerance levels of 7 ppm in grass forage and 2 ppm in grass hay for residues of triasulfuron in conjunction with the proposed use pattern. An acceptable feeding study in dairy cattle conducted at 15 75 and 150 ppm has previously been reviewed and various animal commodity tolerances were subsequently established milk 0.02 ppm meat fat and meat by-products of cattle goats hogs horses and sheep at 0.1 ppm The existing tolerances for triasulfuron in animal commodities are adequate to cover the use of triasulfuron on grasses with the exception of the tolerances on kidneys. Accordingly higher triasulfuron tolerances of 0.5 ppm for the kidneys of cattle goats horses and sheep are required to support the tolerances on grasses. International Residue Limits There are no CODEX Canadian or Mexican maximum residue limits for residues of triasulfuron. Rotational Crop Restrictions There are extensive very specific rotational crop restrictions on the product label for the crops barley rye oats Bermudagrass proso millet field corn grain sorghum soybeans sugar beets sunflowers and onions. Conclusion Therefore the tolerances are established for residues of triasulfuron in cattle goat horse and sheep kidney at 0.5 ppm grass forage at 7 ppm grass hay at 2 ppm. Objections and Hearing Requests The new FFDCA section 408 g provides essentially the same process for persons to object'to a tolerance regulation issued by EPA under new section 408 e and l 6 as was provided in the old section 408 and in section 409. EPA currently has procedural regulations which govern the submission of objections and hearing requests. These regulations will require some modification to reflect the new law. However until those modifications can be made EPA will continue to use those procedural regulations with appropriate adjustments to reflect the new law. Any person may by October 19 1998 file written objections to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a hearing on those objections. Objections and hearing requests must be filed with the Hearing Clerk at the address given above 40 CFR 178.20 A copy of the objections and or hearing requests filed with the Hearing Clerk should be submitted to the OPP docket for this rulemaking. The objections submitted must specify the provisions of the regulation deemed objectionable and the grounds for the objections 40 CFR 178.25 Each objection must be accompanied by the fee prescribed by 40 CFR 180.33 i If a hearing is requested the objections must include a statement of the factual issues on which a hearing is requested the requestor's contentions on such issues and a summary of any evidence relied upon by the requestor 40 CFR 178.27 A request for a hearing will be granted if the Administrator determines that the material submitted shows the following There is genuine and substantial issue of fact there is a reasonable possibility that available evidence identified by the requestor would if established resolve one or more of such issues in favor of the requestor taking into account uncontested claims or facts to the contrary and resolution of the factual issues in the manner sought by the requestor would be adequate to justify the action requested 40 CFR 178.32 Information submitted in connection with an objection or hearing request may be claimed confidential by marking any part or all of that information as Confidential Business Information CBI Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. Information not marked confidential may be disclosed publicly by EPA without prior notice. Public Record and Electronic Submissions EPA has established a record for this rulemaking under docket control number OPP-300700 including any comments and data submitted electronically A public version of this record including printed paper versions of electronic comments which does not include any information claimed as CBI is available for inspection from 8 30 a.m. 119 of the Public Information and Records Integrity Branch Information Resources and Services Division 7502C Office of Pesticide Programs Environmental Protection Agency Crystal Mall 2 1921 Jefferson Davis Highway Arlington VA. Electronic comments must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the use of special characters and any form of encryption. Accordingly EPA will transfer any copies of objections and hearing requests received electronically into printed paper form as they are received and will place the paper copies in the official rulemaking record which will also include all comments submitted directly in writing. The official rulemaking record is the paper record maintained at the Virginia address in ADDRESSES at the beginning of this document. Regulatory Assessment Requirements This final rule establishes a tolerance under FFDCA section 408 d inresponse to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of Management and Budget OMB has exempted these types of actions from review under Executive Order 12866 entitled Regulatory Planning and Review 58 FR 51735 October 4 1993 This final rule does not contain any information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act PRA 44 U.S.C. or impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 UMRA Pub. 104-4 Nor does it require any prior consultation as specified by Executive Order 12875 entitled Enhancing the Intergovernmental Partnership 58 FR 58093 October 28 1993 or special considerations as required by Executive Order 12898 entitled Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations 59 FR 7629 February 16 1994 or require OMB review in accordance with Executive Order 13045 entitled Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks 62 FR 19885 April 23 1997 In addition since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis of a petition under FFDCA section 408 d such as the tolerance in this final rule do not require the issuance of a proposed rule the requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act RFA 5 U.S.C. Nevertheless the Agency haspreviously assessed whether establishing tolerances exemptions from tolerances raising tolerance levels or expanding exemptions might adversely impact small entities and concluded as a generic matter that there is no adverse economic impact. The factual basis for the Agency's generic certification for tolerance actions published on May 4 1981 46 FR 24950 and was provided to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General The Congressional Review Act 5 U.S.C. as added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fariness Act of 1996 generally provides that before a rule may take effect the Agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report which includes a copy of the rule to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. House of Representatives and the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of the rule in Page 44152 the Federal Register. 804 2 List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180 Environmental protection Administrative practice and procedure Agricultural commodities Pesticides and pests Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Therefore 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows PART 180 AMENDED 1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows Authority 21 U.S.C. In paragraph b by alphabetically adding the commodities to the table in paragraph a removing the remaining text and by reserving and adding a heading. Reserved c Tolerances with regional registrations. Reserved d Indirect or inadvertent residues. 98-22192 Filed 8-17-98 8 45 am BILLING CODE 6560-50-F To Top For more information relative to pesticides and their use please contact the PMEP staff at 5123 Comstock Hall. 607 255-1866 Last Modified 10 30 2000 Questions regarding the development of this web site should be directed to the PMEP Webmaster C 2001 Cornell University Disclaimer Please read the pesticide label prior to use. The information contained at this web site is not a substitute for a pesticide label. No endorsement of products is intended nor is criticism of unnamed products implied.
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- Horse Barn: allergies - http://www.paint-horse.com/board/Messages/allergies9.12.99.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Return To Topics Page Add A Comment To This post post initiated by P.Dickinson on 9 12 99. I worm on a rotation every six weeks and have had a vet involved that has prescribed prendezone to no availe we tried tripling her zimectrin and gave it every week for three weeks. If anyone has had any such problems I would like to hear from them I have a weanling filly that is a Palomino tobiano paint. I have wormed him numerous times with Ivomec panacure and other wormers on a rotation basis. Eventually we decided that this is the disease known from the Icelandic Horses the summer rash. I've tested for parasites negative done a year-long expensive allergy shot program which helped slightly and have started feed supplements like biotin and soy bean meal. Any suggestions would be appreciated by Barbara I have a six year old mule in the spring he starts biteing and itching his front legs till they become raw I have. tried many fungal products and antbiotics the itching seems to spread every year he is not rubing his mane or tail so i dont beleave that he has sweet itch I have changed his feed and that has seemed to help although i noticed him starting to rub as our weather is starting to warm up. by Beth Wyatt my 2 horses have recently came out in this nasty rash of lumps and they are constantly itching i have used many products but none have worked by melanie My 20 year old Arab gelding has been suffering for 3 years from allergies and heaves. We changed his hay his stall his shavings his paddock gave him respiratory medicine skin tests shots. Finally finally I am feeding him denji hi-fi a mostly timothy product with grain consisting of beetpulp and sweet feed. We changed his hay his stall his shavings his paddock gave him respiratory medicine skin tests shots. Finally finally I am feeding him denji hi-fi a mostly timothy product with grain consisting of beetpulp and sweet feed.
  [Contents]
- Alfalfa and Your Horse - http://www.naturalsolutions.org/alfalfa.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: REASONS NOT TO FEED STRAIGHT ALFALFA TO YOUR HORSE Diminished performance Alfalfa hay generally runs at least 18-20 protein often higher. A mature working horse only requires about 12 protein. Michael Glades concluded after a study at the University of Maryland that horses with excess protein in their diets ran slower race times than horses receiving the NRC recommended amounts. Kerry Ridgeway points to an all-alfalfa diet as the cause of higher body temperature in working horses caused by the extra work required by the internal organs to convert the protein to usable energy. He feels this leads to excess sweating and electrolyte loss which can in turn lead to dehydration impaction and colic. Ridgeway the excess calcium in an alfalfa diet interferes with parathyroid function and can lead to thumps muscle cramps and tying up. Excess calcium interferes with absorption of iodine a mineral necessary for proper thyroid function. Some breeds show hypothyroidism by becoming very cinchy and skin-sensitive getting cranky when being groomed or losing topline muscle and hair condition. Tying up Researchers at Colorado State University and in Sweden reported on the effects of excess dietary protein on T4 thyroid hormone levels. Feeding protein above daily requirements decreases the T4 levels optimum T4 levels are necessary for horses to metabolize glucose blood sugar properly. Glucose is the energy source used for work and higher glucose levels are necessary during strenuous exercise. Higher glucose levels also delay the onset of lactic acid buildup in the muscles and blood. Lactic acid buildup causes the muscles to lose their ability to contract and relax properly and to stay in a contracted tied up state. Magnesium is necessary for muscles to relax properly after the contraction phase. In the Colorado and Swedish studies higher magnesium levels were found to increase the T4 thyroid hormone production. Mares and fillies are especially prone to tie up on alfalfa since they become magnesium deficient when estrogen levels increase during their heat cycles. Some of the protein in alfalfa hay is actually non-protein nitrogen and or nitrates which are toxic to horses. In an effort to get rid of excess protein and these related substances the body produces ammonia. The tiny tubes in your horse's kidneys will over time get clogged with the excess protein in alfalfa and then the calcium will begin to form kidney stones. Scratches which are areas of open oozing sores usually occurring on the pasterns and legs seems to be related to increased photosensitivity. Swerczek at the University of Kentucky feels that a diet high in protein and low in fiber can predispose stressed horses to become ill. Among the disorders he listed are Potomac horse fever strangles salmonella ulcers abortions epiphysitis etc. Stress factors can be weather hauling competing even changing pasture companions. Swerczek experimented with the diets on research horses that he infected with strangles. Yet when he took away the alfalfa and high protein supplements the disease disappeared on its own. He also feels that in the lactating mare if the mare's kidneys are overloaded with high protein the toxic metabolic wastes may be passed on in the milk and affect the health of her foal. Unhealthy foals with low-grade colic or muscle aches from coughing can develop abnormal holding patterns in their bodies which lead to faulty muscle development and crooked legs. Enteroliths California and the west where straight alfalfa diets are common have the highest incidence of stones in the country. Another contributing factor is the low fiber in alfalfa which keeps the gut from functioning properly and allows the stones to form. Robert Bray at Cal Poly University recommends cutting back on the alfalfa portion of the ration as a means of helping to prevent stones. Research has shown that horses with a history of forming stones cannot tolerate any alfalfa without a recurrence. Developmental Bone Problems Disease Too much calcium as found in straight alfalfa hay interferes with the absorption of copper and zinc. When the circulating levels of calcium are too high in the blood the body has an automatic mechanism which kicks out the calcium before it can be used to build strong bone. Because much of the calcium in alfalfa is unusable by the body it can either lead to an actual calcium deficiency or be deposited in inappropriate places as splints spavins etc. The safest form of calcium supplementation is a supplement of amino acid chelated bio-available calcium combined with chelated trace minerals. Hulland a researcher at the University of Guelph-Ontario feels that most contracted tendons in young horses are the result of contracted muscles in the forearm and gaskin. The tendons and ligaments themselves are not capable of shortening but it is possible for a young horse that is getting too much calcium and protein to have the tight muscle or borderline tie up condition described previously. By reducing the protein content of the ration diluting alfalfa hay with mostly grass hay and bringing the calcium phosphorous ratio closer to the ideal 1 1 and providing balanced minerals in a usable form the foal is allowed to develop more normally. This mineral is necessary for bone and connective tissue collagen to be properly formed. Current research is being done at Texas A M University on the benefits of adding silica to the diets of growing horses. Proper mineral balance is important Colic Because alfalfa is very rich it is not feasible to allow horses free access without them becoming much too heavy. Horses need adequate fiber in order for their digestive system to function properly they are designed to be nibbling constantly and to have some fiber in the tract at all times. When they eat alfalfa they usually are done in a hour or so and then nothing is entering the tract until the next feeding usually many hours later. If proper digestive aids probiotics yeast cultures are included in the ration the animal is satisfied with less feed and does not develop a hay belly Arthritis A by-product of protein digestion is acid. Equine bodies like ours need to be on the alkaline side in order to survive a high protein diet triggers some emergency responses in the system. Since minerals are mostly alkaline the body will pull minerals from the tissues and bones in order to buffer the acids in the bloodstream so that the heart can keep functioning. As time goes on the body will try to stabilize the joints by building up calcium deposits and you will see osselets spavins navicular etc. A lower protein diet grass hay and plain grain with proper mineral support can help prevent this scenario and perhaps even reverse some of the damage. Much of the technology being used in horse feeds is from the cattle and livestock industry where high protein rations sugar and thyroid inhibitors such as alfalfa molasses and linseed meal are used to fatten animals for slaughter or to increase milk production. Problem is a fat steer is not expected to remain sound for 20 years to bend and flex and travel freely and have a trainable attitude Many halter and pleasure horses especially young futurity horses are pushed beyond their genetic and nutritional capacity and end up being unsound at a very early age. Many horses that are considered untrainable or high strung are simply physically and emotionally out of control due to thyroid or other metabolic nutritionally-induced imbalance. states Under no circumstances should the amount of alfalfa in your horse's diet exceed 40 by weight Any more than that and you are risking the perils of excess protein and excess calcium both of which can do some unbelievable damage. We recommend top quality grass hay with perhaps a little alfalfa maybe up to 20 added for lactation and in some cases for growth. Combined with balanced minerals in a bioavailable chelated form and the proper use of digestive aids to maximize feed utilization this diet will produce healthy athletes that are sound in body and mind. Your horses will thank you Your Dynamite distributor can advise you about the supplements available to balance your ration for your particular needs. We look forward to working with you Judy Sinner Communications Director 1-800-677-0919 Article re-printed with permission by Dynamite Director Cindy M. Clouse 480 874-2102 888 615-5521 email dynamite@naturalsolutions.org www.naturalsolutions.org Sources Bray Dr. Enteroliths A Potential Problem With Horses Article prepared for Equi-Tech Conference Los Angeles CA. Hudson Mary Subtle Signs Of Lameness in Foals and Weanlings Modern Horse Breeding. January 1994 Stewart-Spears Genie Disease Linked To Nutrition The Chronicle of the Horse. January 1992 Thompson Diana Too Much Of A Good Thing AERC Endurance News. Helping Horses That Tie Up Modern Horse Breeding. September 1994 Reprinted with permission C 1996 Dynamite R Marketing Inc.
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- treatment - http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/~lvmillon/hypp/treatment.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: HYPP Treatment Information. University of California at Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Medicine If your horse has been tested and is positive for the mutation causing HYPP and has not shown any abnormal clinical signs do not change anything in your current management. If your horse does show any problems you will probably want to know how to best manage an episode of muscle tremors or paralysis and how to prevent these episodes from occurring again. Treatments that are effective include the following for an acute attack For a mild episode muscle tremors horse not down Exercise horse walking or longeing Use caution as the horse could stumble and fall. Feed grain oats or corn-oats-barley dry or you can use light Karo syrup for a glucose supplement Feeding carbohydrates supplies glucose which stimulates the release of insulin which promotes potassium uptake by cells. Acetazolamide increases potassium excretion from the kidney and also affects glucose metabolism. If the horse is down and unable to stand have your veterinarian Place IV catheter and administer 23 Calcium gluconate 150 cc in 1-2 liters of 5 glucose 500 kg horse The majority of horses respond immediately to this and stand up. It is best to have the veterinarian draw blood prior to initiation of treatment and analyze the blood potassium and muscle enzyme concentrations. This can be helpful to confirm that the horse was suffering an attack of HYPP and not something else like colic for instance For control of episodes Regular feeding and exercise schedule. Acetazolamide Diamox a diuretic 2 mg kg orally twice a day Many halter-horse owners continue to feed alfalfa hay as the only roughage but maintain their horses on this drug for all or most of their life. This drug is a forbidden substance as ruled by the AQHA and AHSA It has come to my attention that acetazolamide is not always available from human pharmacies. Inform your veterinarian of condition prior to any general anesthesia as this may precipitate an episode of paralysis. If your horse is receiving medication maintain them on therapy before and after surgery or anesthesia. HYPP Form Please Note Effective 7 1 99 the fee for HYPP testing will be 50 horse Back to Horse Genetics VGL Main Page UC Davis Home Page Vet School Home Page VGL Research VGL Horse Services VGL Horse Forms Please let me know if you have any questions comments or suggestions.
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- Re: Buckey Feeds - http://www.warmbloods.net/nutrish/_disc109/0000006f.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Contents Search Post Reply Next Previous Up Re Buckey Feeds. Remote Name 207.41.44.2. I switched to buckeye GroNWin for my 4 year old mare in August for her vitamins protein.
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- StableWise - Horse Farm Planning - Hay Storage - http://www.horstuff.com/faq/00031.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: StableWise Horse Farm Planning Hay Storage. Search for Home Horse Farm Planning Horse Safety Barn Layout Barn Construction Arena Construction Photo Galleries Questions Answers Recommended. Resources The Parts People Paddock The RoundPen The StableHand AdGroup Feedback E-mail How much hay storage do I need A horse on a diet of strictly hay no pasture can consume between 2 to 4 tons of hay per year depending on their size temperament and workload. Remember that in addition to being kept dry hay must be well ventilated so allow for some space for air to circulate in your storage space. Top of page Home Horse Farm Planning Horse Safety Barn Layout Barn Construction Arena Construction Photo Galleries Questions Answers Recommended Resources The Parts People Paddock The RoundPen The StableHand AdGroup Feedback E-mail Comments Suggestions Please tell us The information contained on this site is intended for general informational and educational purposes only. Visitors should not rely solely upon any information contained on this site for their specific or particular needs.
  [Contents]
- Re: cold stress - http://www.horsepage.com/board/messages/10070.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Follow Ups Post Followup The Michigan Horse Connection FAQ Posted by gabz on November 02 1999 at 13 42 36 In Reply to cold stress posted by Laura Nairne on November 02 1999 at 12 12 30 I am wondering where I can get information about cold stress in horses. I have searched and searched and can find nothing. All the information relates to heat stress. from Wal-mart of K-mart around 15 is an excellent alternative. Hope this helps someone Follow Ups Post a Followup Name E-Mail Subject Comments I am wondering where I can get information about cold stress in horses. don't recall seeing any sites with this particular subject title but cold stress the muscles are very tight and constricted and need to be worked loosely before strenuous exercise. If the horse is shivering blanket it and feed it warmed water and small amount of grass hay be sure it moves its bowels before allowing it to eat large amounts of anything. If you can't afford a cooler an inexpensive cotton thermal blanket from Wal-mart of K-mart around 15 is an excellent alternative. Hope this helps someone Optional Link URL Link Title Optional Image URL Follow Ups Post Followup The Michigan Horse Connection FAQ.
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- New Mexico Horse Council: Quick Facts About Hay - http://www.nmhorsecouncil.org/facts.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: New Mexico Horse Council Quick Facts About Hay. Quick Facts about Hay Legume alfalfa and clover hay is higher in protein than grass hay so you need to feed less weight legume hay than grass hay. Grass hay will keep the horse busy eating longer and prevent boredom. About us Choose a Horse Contacts Hay Facts Guestbook Health Care News Letter Pasture Phone s Horse Gallery Riding Sponsors Rules of the Road Y2K Dues Copyright 1999-2000 NM Horse Council.
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- Manna Pro - Build A Better Horse - http://www.mannapro.com/animal_needs/better_horse/calculate.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: MANNA PRO EQUINE DIET EVALUATION WORKSHEET 1. ENTER HORSES NAME 2. ENTER STAGE OF GROWTH REPRODUCTION OR PERFORMANCE 1 WEANLING 4 WORKING LIGHT 7 PREGNANT 2 YEARLING 5 WORKING MED 8 LACTATING 3 TWO YEAR OLD 6 WORKING HARD 9 STALLION 10 MAINTENANCE 3. FED HEAD DAY 1 ALFALFA HAY 6 WHEAT BRAN 11 MOLASSES 2 GRASS HAY 7 OATS 12 VEGETABLE OIL 3 ALFALFA PAST. 8 CORN 13 Ca CARBONATE 4 GRASS PAST. FED HEAD DAY 1 MANNA ELITE 18 14 ALFA CLASSIC 14 2 MANNA ELITE 14 15 ALFA CLASSIC 10 3 MANNA ELITE 10 16 SWEET RELY 4 ALFA MANNA ELITE 14 17 ROUND-UP 5 ALFA MANNA ELITE 10 18 SWEET 10 6 SUPER HORSE 16 19 EQUI-PREP 7 SUPER HORSE 10 20 ALFA EQUI-PREP 8 SUPER HORSE 10 21 CALF MANNA 9 ALFA SUPER HORSE 14 22 SPUR 10 ALFA SUPER HORSE 10 23 ALFA SPUR 11 CLASSIC 16 24 SHO-GLO 12 CLASSIC 14 25 SHO-HOOF 13 CLASSIC 10 ID POUND.
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- Hope this helps... - http://www.thetackshop.com/wwwboard/messages/307.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Follow Ups Post Followup The TackShop Message Board FAQ Posted by gretchen on December 07 1998 at 23 30 46 In Reply to Horse feed posted by Jamie on November 10 1998 at 22 02 39 To Jamie Hoping that I'm not too late I'll give you some info about my feeding program and details. Well horses that are well cared for not left to pasture graze all year are usually fed feeds according to their own health preference and even location of where they live. I recently moved from New York though and in that environment hay grows quite plentifully and in many different varieties timothy hay grass hay alfalfa hay oat hay etc. There's lots of different kinds of grain and lots of different concentrations of it. I have a National Show Horse Arabian and Saddlebred that I ride for pleasure western english halter showing and even Austrailian Follow Ups Post a Followup Name E-Mail Subject Comments To Jamie Hoping that I'm not too late I'll give you some info about my feeding program and details. Well horses that are well cared for not left to pasture graze all year are usually fed feeds according to their own health preference and even location of where they live. There's lots of different kinds of grain and lots of different concentrations of it. I have a National Show Horse Arabian and Saddlebred that I ride for pleasure western english halter showing and even Austrailian Optional Link URL Link Title Optional Image URL Follow Ups Post Followup The TackShop Message Board FAQ.
  [Contents]
- Pure Lysine by Vita-Flex: Necessary amino-acid for your horse. - http://vita-flex.com/purelysine.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Pure Lysine by Vita-Flex Necessary amino-acid for your horse. Receive our free e-mail newsletter for nutrition updates late-breaking news valuable moneysaving coupons and more. Sign up here Review past issues click here The protein component most often lacking in horse s diets in its most pure and economical form. Concentrated Value Pure Lysine TM contains only pure l-lysine hydrochloride HCl the stable form of the essential amino acid most often deficient in the diets of horses. To make proteins for growth development and maintenance of tissues the horse must have an adequate supply and balance of amino acids in the diet. The National Research Council calls lysine the first limiting amino acid in the diet of growing foals.Inadequate protein or lysine intake results in decreased growth and development of young animals. 1 Minimum Impact on Crude Protein Level The calculation of the crude protein percentage of the horse s diet is based on many pounds of feed. Because lysine is only one of more than twenty amino acids found in proteins Pure Lysine TM makes a very small impact on the crude protein percentage of the diet. Proteins that require lysine include the collagens and elastins that make up bone matrix tendons skin and articular cartilage. Grains and grasses are lysine-poor Unfortunately the grains we feed to meet the energy needs of growing and working horses are particularly weak in lysine. When available sufficient amounts of soybean meal or alfalfa can make up for this lysine shortfall but these feedstuffs can be expensive and problematic to feed. It supplies the key missing ingredient in its pure form for easy feeding excellent digestibility and surprisingly low cost. Broodmares breeding stallions horses in heavy training or competition 2 to 3 scoops daily. Increase feeding of large breeds proportionately according to body weight in excess of 1 000 pounds. Also see Accel Lifetime TM Combines the advantage of Accel balanced comprehensive nutrition with the patented immune and antioxidant support of GlutaSyn TM Inside Features significantly higher levels of the antioxidants selenium vitamin C and vitamin E than regular Accel size 2 It's our best formula yet for truly magnificent overall nutrition and condition. FAQs Products Support Dealers Contact New Products Equinyl TM G lutaSyn TM MSM Lubricants Multinutrients Antioxidants Performance Electrolytes Biotin Fuels Sand Relief Winter Care America's Best Research GSH and Horses The Bookstore Free Sample Quiz Search our site Search our site Vita-Flex color CC0033 Nutrition is a leading supplier of advanced nutrition for horses. Vita-Flex products are used and endorsed by America's best riders and are dispensed by respected veterinarians around the world. Vita-Flex supplements have earned their reputation for honest quality and consistent results for more than a decade. Our mission is the nourishment of horses through natural pathways to support optimum horse health and performance.
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- Commercial Horse Boarding Stable Industry - http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/agdex/400/460_830-1.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Commercial Horse Boarding Stable Industry. Commercial Horse Boarding Stable Industry. Industry Highlights Regulatory Basics Market Basics Operating Basics Economic Finance Basics Resources Key Management Issues Footnotes Adapted from Agdex 460 830-1 Also available in PDF format 209 KB The purpose of this factsheet is to introduce boarding stables as potential business opportunities. The focus in this profile is on the key management issues associated with developing and operating a boarding stable in Alberta. This overview isn't intended to be a substitute for individuals making their own thorough assessment of all the key factors that would influence the success of their particular business. Industry Highlights The primary activity of a boarding stable enterprise is to provide board and related services to horse owners. Stables providing basic pasture board for horses may be operated as sideline enterprises to an existing farm business. Boarding stables that provide specialized facilities or services are more often operated as separate business enterprises. Training stables are specialized operations where professional trainers provide horse training riding lessons and other services. Training stables are different businesses from boarding stable operations and have different operating and management requirements. However a training stable may be part of a boarding stable enterprise. Individuals considering developing a boarding stable require a high level of knowledge and experience with horses as well as the ability to get along with people. In order to be a viable business a boarding stable requires a good location the right mix of facilities and services for the market and strong financial resources. The primary market group for boarding stables is horse owners seeking board and related services for their horses. The ideal location for a boarding stable would be within 20 miles of a major population centre with a high population of horse owners needing board and related services. The demand for horse boarding services is driven by factors such as horse numbers income levels the desire by owners to participate in horse related competitions and the number of individuals who ride horses for recreation. It's important to recognize that for many horse owners boarding a horse and buying related services is a luxury As a result the market for these services may experience reduced demand during periods of economic decline. In many urban areas there are established boarding stables that have gained a large share of the market by providing convenience reasonable prices a good location and the needed services. Individuals developing an operation in these markets need to determine the combination of services facilities and price they will use to attract and maintain customers. Boarding stable operators may have difficulty finding reasonably priced liability insurance. Developing and operating a horse stabling business will requires a considerable investment of time for planning developing and marketing the operation considerable financial resources to invest in facilities and services the ability to sell services and ensure customers are satisfied the ability to train and manage labor the ability to keep control of the financial affairs of the business the patience to deal with people every day at all hours a working knowledge of equine nutrition requirements the ability to recognize illness and distress in horses Regulatory Basics There are numerous regulations to follow when operating a boarding stable. Individuals considering developing a boarding stable operation must be prepared to investigate the following regulations in order to determine the impact on a specific business proposal. health regulations set by both provincial and local authorities business license requirements set by local authorities placing signs on private land adjacent to a highway. To put up a sign requires permission from the local municipality and Alberta Transportation and Utilities. It is possible to place a sign within a Highway right-of-way but this requires making an application to Alberta Transportation and Utilities. 1 workers'compensation provincial employment standards and Revenue Canada payroll deductions for hired employees Liability coverage is an absolute must to provide coverage against liability resulting from injuries to customers injuries to horses and damages to property. Specific guidelines under this act include 2 traditional agricultural users may register their existing water use as long as it doesn't exceed 6 250 cubic metres per year 3 750 gallons per day new or expanding users of ground water will be required to go through a full licensing process all wells deeper than 150 metres 492 feet will require an E.U.B. Well License from the Alberta Energy Utilities Board The current legislation affecting ground water use The Water Resources Act requires that large livestock operations using 3 000 gallons or more per day on a mixed farm or having 150 head or more of mature cattle or horses be licensed. The Livery Stable Keepers Act provides some financial protection for individuals who board or care for any animals including horses. The Act provides that outstanding bills owed by the owner of animals can be collected with priority over all other liens and bills of sale etc without the use of costly complicated legal processes. A critical step in developing a successful boarding stable operation is assessing the market potential for the operation prior to investing capital in land and facilities. The key marketing activities for a boarding stable enterprise are determining the number of potential customers in a market area determining the services customers want providing the right services and facilities at the right price at the right location developing a clientele for the services and facilities maintaining the clientele staying aware of services and prices that are available in the market area being served Market research is necessary to determine the services and facilities being sought by horse owners in a specific market area. This will help identify what combination of services will allow their enterprise to be profitable. Market research can be done by a consultant or completed by the business operator. 4 The information required to complete the market research required for a boarding stable operation can be gathered by using secondary data available through Statistics Canada Alberta Economic Development and Trade and the economic development agencies in the local municipality visiting other boarding stables in order to see what services and facilities are being offered speaking directly with horse owners to determine if there's room for an additional boarding stable in the market and what services and facilities are needed. Individuals considering developing or purchasing a boarding stable in a particular area need to obtain answers to the following questions Who are the potential customers for the boarding stable operation How far will customers travel to a boarding stable How do people first become aware of a boarding stable What services do customers buy How much will customers spend on board and other services How loyal are customers to a boarding stable What are the riding activities of the customers What is the location of competing operations What are the facilities services and prices of competitors The types of services and facilities that horse owners would expect to find at a boarding stable include barn care such as box stalls or tie stalls with feed outdoor paddocks with shelter with feed pasture board outdoor riding arenas indoor riding arenas trail riding riding lessons coaching horse training grooming basic veterinary services exercising and farrier services intensive management for horses with injuries or serious health problems Services and facilities should project an image that attracts and keeps clients. Some of the factors that can contribute to this image are providing top quality horse care. Operators must monitor the horses they are feeding particularly during cold weather when feed rations will most likely have to be increased. providing safe attractive facilities that are maintained in good repair operating a clean well-run facility with friendly capable personnel having access to veterinary services for both routine and emergency care providing easy access room for parking and an area for clients to leave their horse trailers if needed providing areas for clients to ride such as indoor arenas outdoor rings and trails A pricing strategy is necessary. It's an important element in attracting clients maintaining clients and achieving profitability. The margin between boarding revenues and costs must be sufficient to cover overhead expenses risks increased feed costs and profit. Some common pricing strategies used in boarding stables include following the lead of other boarding operations. However pricing at the same level as a competitor can be dangerous if costs of production aren't taken into consideration. The minimum acceptable price for boarding services covers all costs including production costs marketing costs overhead costs the cost of unpaid accounts and a return to the owner's capital and management contributions. Clients should be questioned to determine how they rank the importance of price as compared to the quality of facilities and services. An understanding of client perceptions of value allows operators to determine a maximum acceptable price that clients would be prepared to pay for their boarding services. The ability to get along with people is an essential requirement for individuals undertaking a boarding stable operation. Dealing with clients requires being friendly and outgoing having marketing skills having the necessary knowledge of horses and being prepared to work long hours seven days a week. Customer service and client relations are important factors in increasing customer perceptions of value and attracting and keeping clients. Suggestions for improving customer service include ensuring that clients are highly satisfied with the care their horses are receiving making it easy for clients to speak with staff checking to see what people need or want being staffed with people who are experienced and knowledgeable about horses being a good listener when clients want to talk about their horses Boarding stable operators must be prepared to advertise their business. The advertising practices used to create awareness and gain customer support include signage advertising in newspapers and horse publications trade shows bulletins posted at feed stores stores serving horse owners and public riding arenas yellow pages developing a strong word of mouth campaign by asking existing clients to spread the word Word of mouth advertising is an important factor in marketing a boarding stable. Boarding stables should develop marketing strategies based on the strengths of their operations. Some strengths on which marketing strategies can be developed are a training facility with an established well-respected trainer. It's important to note that training stables have very specific operating and management requirements. specialized services and facilities for a group of clients with specialized needs eg. cattle for practice pennings or cattle work skilled labor and good training for labor Operating Basics The key operating issues for a boarding stable operation are to determine the best location site and facilities for the operation to determine the horse management programs to develop well-balanced nutrition programs and to establish a feeding schedule to provide routine health-care and be prepared for emergency situations to hire high quality employees and provide high levels of training Boarding stable operators require a high level of knowledge about horses. They need to understand nutritional needs health needs living requirements and handling requirements. New entrants to the business of operating a boarding stable should be prepared to study both existing operations and published material. This will allow them to gain information to assist with establishing the enterprise and providing high quality services to their customers. Horse Handling Facilities is a publication from Alberta Agriculture Food and Rural Development. It provides a detailed resource for planning and developing horse facilities. Important considerations in determining the resource requirements for a proposed boarding stable or assessing an existing boarding stable operation are the type of boarding stable operation will determine the land requirements and facilities. Various types of boarding stables include basic horse care operations with outdoor paddocks. The location of the boarding stable should be well researched in order to assess the following factors proximity to a large population of horse owners 5 ease of access. Key considerations in developing a boarding stable site include ensuring that the entrance is highly visible and provides easy access. ensuring that the appearance of the operation projects an image of quality care. developing a parking area that provides easy access has lots of room for trucks and trailers is close to the boarding facilities and has good drainage. This is so clients are not inclined to come to the house Future expansion should be considered when developing a boarding stable facility or assessing an existing operation to ensure there is room for future expansion. Market research must clearly show that clients are seeking and willing to pay for the type of facilities and services that are being developed. Once the decision has been made to develop or acquire a facility issues to consider include the design and type of buildings as well as outdoor pens and shelters. availability and access to pasture Good paddocks and turnout areas are essential. The basic equipment required for a boarding stable includes equipment for handling feed bedding and removing manure. storage area with lockers and saddle racks for clients to keep their tack Individuals who are considering developing a new facility should seek the assistance of the engineering specialists at Alberta Agriculture Food and Rural Development. Critical production management issues in operating a horse boarding stable are Pasture management Pasture requirements will vary according to the type of operation and location. Where pasture is a critical part of the feeding program management practices need to include using plant species that are suited for the growing conditions and for horse pastures. harrowing pastures to spread manure Manure removal Operators need to develop a manure management program that provides for cleaning stalls and pens removing manure to a temporary storage area and disposing of the manure. Maintenance requirements depend on the body size digestive and metabolic efficiency of the individual animal as well as the environment. Mares in foal growing animals and working horses have additional requirements. Health Boarding stable operations require access to quality veterinary services. Operators must be prepared to provide routine health care and deal with emergency situations. As well operators must be prepared to develop and implement routine vaccination programs and parasite control programs. Labor management Friendly capable employees with a good knowledge of horses are better able to serve clients keep existing clients and attract new clients. As a result attracting skilled employees and providing quality training are significant factors in the viability of a boarding stable. The key management issues relating to hiring skilled labour and providing proper training are develop job descriptions on which recruitment selection and performance decisions can be based. develop performance appraisals in order to assess job performance establish wage and benefit levels and identify training needs Economic Finance Basics Key economic issues in establishing and operating a boarding stable operation are determining the capital investment requirements for the proposed operation assessing the profitability and cash flow performance of the proposed enterprise before committing capital managing the operating costs of the operation acquiring the needed capital at favorable terms New entrants must be prepared to estimate the costs and returns for the specific operation s they are considering acquiring or developing. Specific estimates for investment costs start up costs revenues feed costs and operating costs are needed to assess the economic viability of a particular operation. The following budgets project the investment requirements operating requirements cash flow requirements and returns of establishing and operating a boarding stable operation. These budgets use assumptions that are considered reasonable but individuals need to recognize that key financial variables such as capital investment costs prices for board and costs for feed will vary for each individual situation. These budgets provide producers with a framework to identify the type of information required and the types of analysis needed to assess the viability of their proposed operation. 1 presents capital investment required to establish a small boarding operation. Equipment Operating Costs 3 000 Facilities repairs. Total Fixed Costs 17 020 Total Costs 52 402 Net Profit 3 342 Interest costs are the opportunity cost of using capital estimated at 8 Table No. 2 presents estimates for the feed costs for the proposed boarding stable operation. 3 estimates the expected revenues and expenses of the proposed boarding stable operation. 3 Estimated Annual Operating Revenues and Expenses. Total Revenues Revenues Full board. Equipment Operating Costs 3 000 Facilities repairs. 3 to be recognized by individuals is that profitability isn'easily achieved. Some strategies that can contribute to a profitable operation are purchasing an existing facility rather than developing from the ground up being able to lower operating costs that don't reduce the quality of horse care or market acceptance using existing facilities and developing the boarding stable as a complementary enterprise to an existing farm business Another economic issue for boarding stable operators is whether the proposed operation will generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash outflows required for living expenses debt repayment operating expenses and capital expenditures. A projected cash flow budget for each operating year is necessary for a boarding stable operation. Key factors to consider in developing this budget are projected revenues expected expenses operating loan requirements Table No. 4 illustrates a projected cash flow budget for the proposed boarding stable operation. Total Cash Inflows 192 060 48 500 46 000 47 000 48 000 Net Cash Revenues 1 005 55 1 655 2 205 1 470 Cumulative Cash Flows 1 005 950 705 2 910 4 380 The cash flow performance of a boarding stable enterprise is strongly influenced by the profitability of the operation the level of hired labor and the cash withdrawals taken out of the business. Financing a boarding stable operation is a separate but related issue. Conventional lenders such as banks may still see this type of enterprise as a high-risk venture. In order to acquire the capital needed to develop an enterprise individual managers will be required to have a solid business plan with developed markets have high levels of equity capital to put into the venture have access to capital from private sources such as family and friends have marketing strategies for attracting and maintaining customers Individuals who consider the purchase of an existing boarding stable operation need to undertake the following analysis. Use the financial statements to identify and value at liquidation value all of the assets involved in the business. These include leases employment contracts insurance contracts claims against assets and partnership agreements. Individual managers must be prepared to keep accurate records of their production costs to be used in developing price strategies for their services monitoring the profitability of the enterprise The critical economic issues for a boarding stable operation are to achieve all of the factors necessary for their enterprise to be profitable. These factors are attracting and maintaining customers achieving a competitive and profitable market price for boarding services managing both capital costs and operating costs Resources The following resources are available to individuals seeking to take a more detailed look at the horse boarding stable business. Farm Management Specialist contact your local Alberta Agriculture Food and Rural Development district office. Business Development Specialist contact your local Alberta Agriculture Food and Rural Development district office. Key Management Issues If you continue to investigate this agricultural business opportunity it's essential that you are able to answer the following questions concerning the development and operation of a horse boarding stable. Have you clearly defined the services you will be marketing and the target market that you will be marketing to Have you determined the product mix for gaining and keeping customers Have you clearly defined the resources that you will require to establish the boarding operation Have you clearly defined the marketing strategies and merchandising activities that you will be required to perform in order to market your product or services to specific customers Are you aware of the amount of time you will have to devote to operating your proposed facility and the activities that you will need to perform to meet the needs of customers Are you aware of the labor requirement the training requirements and the ability to manage labor that will be required in order for your business to be successful Compiled by Dennis Dey Farm Management Consultant Technical Advisors Lindy Barron Barron-Echlin Stables. Jackie Anderson Rural Development Specialist Business Alberta Agriculture Food and Rural Development Footnotes Furthe r information should be obtained from district offices of Alberta Transportation and Utilities. For a detailed look at The Livery Stable Keepers Act check the following Internet site ministry acts synopsis livery.html A helpful too l is the publication Guideline Do-It-Yourself Market Research available through the Federal Business Development Bank. There are successful trainers located some distance from the main population centers. These individuals are able to attract clients on the basis of their training programs and training results. This information is maintained by Dean Dyck Last Revised Reviewed November 9 1998. Top of Document The user of this information agrees to the terms and conditions in the copyright and disclaimer Copyright C 1999-2000 Her Majesty the Queen in the Right of Alberta.
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- PEGUS HORSE FEED - http://www.pegus.ie/pegus.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: PEGUS HORSE FEED. PEGUS HORSE FEED Ashton House Castleknock Dublin 15 Ireland. E-Mail info@pegus.ie Home Equiform Nutrition Country Feed Store Today many horses spend over 90 of their time in a stable or paddock are exercised before daylight forced for early use and put under great stress when show jumped or raced. Horses are bred for certain inherited characteristics of growth body conformation speed and endurance. Grass hay and farm grains are deficient feeds for horses as they are inadequate in terms of quantity and quality of proteins in minerals in trace elements and in certain unidentified factors. Each feed has been designed for a particular type of horse in terms of nutrients trace elements and vitamins. Fax 0333-31751 Some of Pegus's Products Hi-Performance Coarse Mixture PDS Cool Cube Cool Mix Premium Complete Horse and Pony Cube Oat Balancer Supplement Performance Concenrate Triple E Junior Sweet 14 Pegus Hi-Performance Coarse Mixture This coarse mix is highly platable blend of cooked cereals and protein mixed lightly with molasses to encourage the shyest feeder. Back to Top Pegus Complete Horse and Pony Cube This completely balanced all-in-one feed supplies all the necessary protein energy fibre vitamins and minerals that a horse requires. Back to Top Pegus Performance Concentrate Performance is based on top quality cereals and soya and is ideal for feeding to all horses who are required to perform. It is designed to be fed as soon as the foal can take solid food and if fed as recommended eliminated that all too familiar problem of cutback as weaning. Back to Top Pegus Premium Premium is the latest product to join the Pegus Horse Feed portfolio of products comprising the very latest equine nutrition for racehorses. Premium has been formulated on a high energy diet which contains only the very best raw materials only top quality cereals soya beans and energy enhancing vegetable oil are used. It is high in the two limiting amino acids Lysine and methionine and has a uniquely formulated vitamin and mineral mix which lies at the heart of Pegus Premium. Back to Top Pegus Supplement Oat Balancer This Supplement is designed for the horse owner with access to good quality oats. Good quality oats may contain a low amount of protein which leads to the protein lacking the essential amino acid lysine. Pegus supplement counteracts this problem as it contains 25 protein which balances out the needed levels of lysine. Back to Top Pegus Triple E Triple E us designed to be fed to mares and stallions and is specifically formulated to achieve breeding performance.
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- The Horse Interactive -- Nutrition February 1999 - http://www.thehorse.com/9902/nutrition.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: The Horse Interactive Nutrition February 1999. ESSENTIAL HORSE HOME February 1999 Features Index Nutrition Home THE SCOOP KNOWLEDGE BANK THI HOME February 1999 NUTRITION When Should You Supplement 1999 Karen Briggs CHERYL MANISTA Horses in high-stress situations such as racing or showing can benefit from a general vitamin supplement. Do you know a feed room that doesn't have a collection of jugs and buckets pails and little plastic scoops pellets and powders in a rainbow of colors The ingredients range from high-tech chemical formulas to all natural mixtures of herbs. What motivates us to go out and buy supplements to add to our horse's diets Usually it's an honest desire to make sure that our equine companions are taking in the best nutrition available. But while the motivation might be noble many of us decide to feed a supplement based more on a gut feeling or a recommendation from a friend than on an actual analysis of what our feed program supplies and what might be lacking in it. Frequently we have an incomplete understanding of the supplements we feed and what they are supposed to accomplish. Exactly what vitamins and or minerals-or other compounds-are included in the mix What are they proven or reputed to do for your horse Are they safe and appropriate additions to the ration In what concentrations are they included and how do they combine with the nutrients already supplied by your grain and hay It can add up to a lot of questions. Long before you purchase a supplement you need to evaluate your feed program and determine why you are considering supplementing. Do you feel that the grain or hay quality is poor Is your horse just not looking 100 Or is there a specific need you'd like to fill-for example you'd like him to develop a shinier coat effect better hoof growth or have more energy Be honest.is it because a friend is feeding Supplement X and says she's getting great results Such a recommendation might have merit but what works for one horse and one situation might not apply to another. It's not difficult to determine whether or not your feed program is appropriate for the work your horse is doing but it does take some time and a little effort-and a calculator. Many feed companies and agricultural extension offices offer hay analysis at a nominal cost usually somewhere in the 25-50 range The procedure is fairly simple samples will be taken from the middle of a number of bales of your hay mixed and a representative portion of that is submitted to a lab for analysis. A standard hay analysis will tell you the crude protein content of your hay express its digestibility in terms of the acid detergent fiber and give you an idea of its vitamin and mineral content. Two figures you'll want to examine closely are the values for calcium and phosphorus two macrominerals that are pivotal to the construction and well-being of your horse's bones teeth and muscles. Alfalfa hay will be much higher in calcim 1.3 than grass hay 0.5 Grass hay alone might not be an adequate calcium source for the broodmare or the growing horse. Overall you want to achieve a Ca P ratio that is at least 1 l in your horse's total diet that is the calcium numbers should be at least as high as the phosphorus Feeding hay and grain usually results in a very appropriate calcium phosphorus balance for most adult horses but this is not necessarily true for the young growing horse i.e. grass hay and oats would be suspect in calcium status In fact there's considerable leeway since horses tolerate extra calcium well up to 6 1 Ca P as long as phosphorus levels are sufficient. The horse's system seeks to balance the concentrations of the two minerals so it can leach calcium from the bones and reintroduce it into circulation resulting eventually in weak and porous bones that are prone to injury and breakage. This condition can be particularly serious in young horses which are in the process of bone-building. Through hay analysis you probably will discover that the potassium level of your hay is high usually somewhere between 1 and 2.5 Hay supplies all the potassium most horses even those in hard work ever need. Commercial electrolytes which are designed to replenish the minerals lost in sweat when a horse performs at a high intensity level are made up largely of sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Only horses in heavy competition or under high physical stress especially in conditions of high heat and humidity sometimes demonstrate potassium deficiency and can benefit from supplementation. Moldy poorly cured or poor-quality hay also will have a lower-than-normal balance of vitamins as well as potentially cause digestive problems. A hay analysis will give you some indication of the vitamin content of your hay and help you decide whether supplementation might be needed. If you are feeding a commercial grain ration-a pelleted or extruded feed or a sweet feed-much of the work has been done for you most of the information you'll need is printed on the feed tag. On the other hand if you mix your own ration or feed plain grains such as oats or corn you will have to do more calculating and it is worth investing in a copy of the National Research Council's standards for horse nutrition which lists the nutrient content of virtually every type of horse feed as well as discussing vitamin and mineral levels and the requirements of horses of different ages and types. Now with your grain feed label in one hand and hay analysis printout in the other you can begin to get an idea of how much of each nutrient is contained in your horse's daily ration. If your hay is of good quality and your grain a respectable commercial mix chances are your horse's overall diet will meet the standards of the NRC's recommendations for adult horses. You'll also want to double-check that the units are the same some minerals for example might be expressed as parts per million or the equivalent unit mg kg while others are described in terms of percentages parts per hundred Vitamins usually are listed in IU which is short for international units. Since calcium and phosphorus are expressed as a percentage on feed tags it's easy to compare them to the values you have for your hay and calculate a Ca P ratio. If you come up with an inverted ratio more phosphorus than calcium you will want to consider supplementing calcium. This is a mineral which in combination with vitamin E plays an important role in your horse's immune function. In many parts of North America the soils are extremely selenium-deficient so it's quite possible for your horse to develop a deficiency if he is eating hay and grains grown on such soils. There also are small pockets of land where the soils are so selenium-rich that grazing pasture there can cause selenium toxicity If you're not sure about your local soil conditions ask at your feed store or local agricultural extension office or arrange to have a soil analysis done. Horses should receive about 0.3 mg of selenium in the total diet not more as the toxicity threshold for this mineral is unusually low if the hay is low in selenium then feeding a 50 hay and 50 commercial concentrate diet might not supply supply sufficient selenium. Most commercial horse concentrates will contain about 0.3 parts per million selenium. Other vitamin and mineral deficiencies might surface as well or you could find that your feed supplies all of your horse's requirements adequately. If you feel overwhelmed by the task of calculating your horse's nutritional intake consult your local feed store or agricultural university which can put you in touch with an equine feed specialist who'll be able to help you analyze your horse's diet. Balancing The Ration Imbalances whether they are deficiencies or excesses in the ration should be addressed to keep your horse in optimum health but supplements are not the only way to accomplish this. Some feed companies have focused specifically on updating nutrient levels to supply nutrition and many have feeds that offer complete nutrition for different age groups and work requirements when fed with good-quality hay Frequently these feeds end up being more cost-effective in the long run despite their initially higher cost because they require no supplementation. One of the most common reasons for supplementing a horse is to adjust a feed program that works very well for most of the horses in your barn but fails to meet the needs of an individual horse which might have different nutritional requirements. Those horses'needs easily can be met by supplementing your basic ration with a protein and mineral supplement formulated to support growth pregnancy and lactation. There are a number of commercial protein supplements available as well as products such as soybean meal cake or linseed cake. For young foals and orphan foals pay close attention to the quality of the protein source choosing a product based on milk protein if possible. If you're supplementing a broodmare choose a good-quality plant protein source preferably based on soybean. Some supplements supply protein only others combine extra protein with minerals and or vitamins which you will have to take into account in your calculations. For example high levels of copper have been shown to be beneficial in the prevention of developmental orthopedic disease DOD in young growing horses. If either of those minerals is present in too high a concentration it can interfere with copper utilization resulting in a clinical deficiency A supplement might contain more ingredients than the ones you're looking for and it can be very difficult to determine whether they're there for a purpose or just as window-dressing. For example if you wish to supplement biotin to encourage better hoof growth you can buy a product that contains only biotin or one with added zinc copper and DL-methionine. Look for supporting documentation that explains why those ingredients are included. Most vitamins and minerals have a wide margin of safety but if they're zealously overfed it's possible to overdose your horse on the fat-soluble vitamins A D E and K. Special care must be taken with regard to two minerals selenium which we mentioned previously and iodine both of which have low toxicity thresholds in horses. Do not feed a supplement containing selenium if your grain ration contains added selenium. Iodine toxicity can be particularly difficult to diagnose as it produces symptoms almost identical to those for iodine deficiency It's far better to analyze your diet before you supplement than to have to figure out where you've gone wrong later when your horse is suffering symptoms of his nutritional imbalance. Vitamins And Minerals There are several instances in which it might be beneficial to feed a vitamin supplement. Horses which have been on prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment for an illness or infection for example could be at risk for deficiencies of vitamin K and the B vitamins. Both of these vitamins normally are synthesized in the gut by beneficial intestinal bacteria and these bacteria are compromised by antibiotics. Horses in high-stress situations such as frequent traveling showing or racing and horses which are eating poorly for example those recovering from surgery or illness also can benefit from a general vitamin supplement. Any horse which is on a high-grain low-forage diet such as a young racehorse in heavy training which is eating very poor-quality forage or being fed hay that is more than a year old also should receive supplemental vitamins. Among minerals calcium probably is the mineral that most frequently needs supplementing. Consider adding calcium in the form of calcium carbonate to your horse's diet if you are feeding a grass hay and large amounts of grain especially bran or if you are feeding grass hay to a lactating broodmare or a growing weanling or yearling. What about supplements that claim to enhance your horse's diet or health rather than merely correct deficiencies There are some nutritional ingredients which when fed at levels higher than the NRC recommendations can have a beneficial effect on health. But be wary of vague and unsupported claims herbal supplements in particular often are guilty of packaging blurbs such as immune boosting or cleanses impurities which tell you little or nothing about the product's purported function. Just because a product is natural doesn't necessarily mean it is harmless some herbs are powerful drugs and should be treated as such even if their nutriceutical classification means they slip through the cracks of government regulation. Feed only according to the package directions twice as much supplement won't get you faster results and could have dangerous consequences. Getting More Out Of What You've Got Getting the most use out of the vitamins and minerals you are supplying to your horse is a matter of digestibility and degree of absorption across the gut wall to the muscles bones blood and to individual cells. Of course none of the products are likely to be absorbed if your horse objects to the taste and refuses to eat them Supplement manufacturers have tackled the digestibility and palatability issues in a number of ways. One of the simplest and most effective approaches is to bind the vitamins and minerals into a pellet form-usually with some grain content and molasses or other flavoring to hold it all together and improve the taste quotient. Other supplements keep the nutrients in the form of a powder feeling that the process of binding pellets together decreases the effectiveness of the mineral. Vitamins tend to decompose in any sort of feed product especially when exposed to sunlight heat air or processing in the feed mill. When mixed outside the horse's body some vitamins also are incompatible with each other or with minerals that might be in the mix. For example most vitamins are prone to oxidative destruction by iron copper sulfates sulfides phosphates and carbonates all of which might be present in a supplement formulation. So supplement companies go to great lengths to protect the viability and efficacy of vitamins by coating them with gelatin wax sugar or ethylcellulose all of which are fortunately harmless to the horse in the minute amounts required These compounds sometimes make up a large proportion of the composition of a powdered or pelleted supplement. Not only are liquid formulations generally more expensive but because it's difficult to cover vitamins with any sort of protective coating in the liquid format a supplement rich in B vitamins iron and copper-commonly sold as a blood builder might undergo complicated chemical reactions that in essence cancel out all the vitamins and render the ingredients useless The digestibility of minerals is surprisingly low according to nutritional research and varies widely from mineral to mineral. For example the absorption rate of iron ranges from 2 to 20 while calcium is utilized at about a 40 rate. Increasingly feed and supplement manufacturers have been looking to improve the absorption percentages. Several patented processes currently are on the market and all of them claim to improve the amount of useful mineral in a supplement. Chelation of minerals is one process you might hear about-chelating a mineral involves binding it to two or more amino acids to form a stable biochemical ring compound which can be metabolized as much as 300 to 500 more efficiently in the horse's gut than the mineral on its own. Unfortunately chelation seems to work better for some minerals than others so there is no one magic formula that improves absorption across the board. Furthermore the addition of more minerals to the diet to increase net absorption might be much more cost-effective than the addition of chelated minerals. No matter how much we enjoy adding powders and potions to our horse's meals most equines being fed a commercial grain ration and good-quality hay will never suffer a serious vitamin or mineral deficiency and are likely doing just fine without the extras we want to add. When feeding a supplement be sure to consult your nutritionist or veterinarian to avoid overfeeding the supplement and potentially causing problems with other nutrients. worked as an equine nutritionist and horse feed specialist with United Cooperatives of Ontario Canada designing a new line of premium quality grain rations for performance pleasure and breeding horses and providing nutrition information and ration balancing to customers in more than 130 locations across the province of Ontario. The Scoop The Essential Horse Knowledge Bank Contact Us Subscribe Advertise 1999 The Horse.
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- This article is provided to give helpful information an taking care of the teeth oif the Icelandic Horse - http://www.icehorse.com/equine.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: This article is provided to give helpful information an taking care of the teeth oif the Icelandic Horse. Information The Icelandic Horse Fast Facts About the Breed The 5 Gaits Swimming Driving Riding in Winter Ponying Powerful Horses Icelandic Horse Care Equine Dentistry Riding Tips Questions and Answers Icelandic Horse Acres Open offer Promotion Sales List Stallions at Stud. HORSES FOR SALE Geldings Colts Mares Fillies Horses in Iceland About Our Family Family Photos Apr 28th Sale Calendar of Events Import Export Shipping Importing Exporting Shipping Boarding Icelandic Horse Clinics Iceland About Iceland IcelandUSA.net Adventure Travel Tours Multimedia Pages Animation Audio Page Banners Photo Album Press Release Video Page Kids Pages Kids Contest Free Kids Prize KidsWebsite.com Books for Kids. Icelandic Activity Book Other Horse Interests Tack Shoppe Magazine Association Equestrian School Learn to Ride Go Trekking Join 4-H Club Discussion Forum E-mail Discussion Free Newsletter Free Magazine Free Contest Shop Online Order T-shirts Order Books Order Iceland Books Order Magazine Order Gifts Order Now Icelandic Sheepdogs Search Links Write Us Foreign Language pages. Click Below Japanese How to see in Japanese This article is provided to give helpful information an taking care of the teeth of the Icelandic Horse. Please contact us and let us know what other Icelandic Horse Information you would like to see on this page HORSES HAVE TEETH TOO By Dr. Icelandic Horses likewise can have tooth problems and routine maintenance and regular check-ups are the best insurance for good equine oral health. Horses with sharp interfering cusps on their teeth we expect to ride without head tossing rearing resisting the bridle tongue rolling or going on the bit. Why if the human species with a tooth problem can exhibit poor performance do we expect the equine species to exhibit anything other than poor performance The Icelandic horse evolved as a grazing animal and the best food source for horses is natural grass. Horses were designed for continuous mastication grass hay or stalls As Icelandic horses became domesticated grass is not always available and hay has become necessary to keep horses. Today a well maintained horses dentition can extend the life of that horse for decades How do you recognize dental problems in an Icelandic horse This is a good question and I ll answer it first with a statement. Problems with your Icelandic Horse will show up in the following ways Change in chewing habits Loss of body condition Undigested feed particles in manure Foul odor from mouth or nostrils Discharge from the mouth or nostrils Swellings of the face jaw or mouth tissue If you notice any of these points in your Icelandic Horse please contact an equine dentist for your horse immediately. With Icelandic horses the twice a year vet or equine dentist check-ups are a good idea through age 5 when they have a full compliment of equine teeth After age 5 once a year for most Icelandic horses is adequate. The most common dental problems in Icelandic horses include Sharp enamel points Retained caps primary teeth are lost at the approximate age of 2 4 years of age Discomfort from wolf teeth exposed and blind Missing or broken teeth stallions get kicked Abnormal wear of occlusal surface Infected teeth or gums Misalignment due to congenital defect or injury Older Icelandic horses in colder climates often will colic due to cold water sensitivity on worn teeth. In closing I d like to reiterate teeth human or equine and their regular care and maintenance are very important to overall health. More information about Equine Dentistry in Icelandic Horses will be provided by Dr. Go To Home Page Send e-mail to info@icehorse.com with questions or comments about this Icelandic Horse Acres Inc. No one is allowed to reproduce anything from this web site without written consent from Icelandic Horse Acres Inc. Web site designed by Artistic Design and Internet Marketing Inc.
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- feed - http://www.corydondemocrat.com/feed.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: David Stiner 812-968-3607. Call Mark 812-738-0612 or 812-989-4029. ALFALFA orchard grass nice square bales second third cutting pay store free until May.Ask for Gary 945-5140 days 923-3849 evenings. ALFALFA hay 2nd cutting never wet good horse hay and brood mare hay 3.50 bale 732-8007 leave message. SQUARE bales of timothy hay and straw 812-968-3468 or 812-738-3752.
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- HBOC '97 Proceedings: Cut Costs - Feed Forage - http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/livestock/horses/hbo9702.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: HBOC 97 Proceedings Cut Costs Feed Forage. Bob Coleman Horse Specialist. Contents Introduction Mature Horses Young Growing Horses Broodmares Feeding Suggestions Literature Cited The horse has a specialized digestive system that allows it to consume and digest large quantities of forage to meet their nutrient requirements. The level of grain fed often over shadows the contribution forage has meeting the horse's nutrient requirements. Horse owners can maintain their horses economically and can meet the nutrient requirement for all classes of horses by the effective use of forage. It is important to remember that the forage in the horse's diet is generally the least expensive source of nutrients. The forage used in horse feeding programs can include pasture hay processed forages such as cubes or pellets and ensiled forages such as silage or haylage. For the purpose of this discussion the focus will be on hay and the processed forages such as alfalfa cubes in other words the forages that are purchased. This minimum forage intake is required to maintain normal digestive functions reduce digestive upsets and satisfy the horse's requirement for chewing. Research has shown that mature horses can easily maintain their body weight when consuming good quality grass hay at 2.0 of body weight Aiken et al 1987 Heusner et al 1995 Higher quality hay such as an alfalfa hay would easily meet a mature horse's requirement at 2 of body weight and such intakes could result in the horse gaining weight. While the nutrients requirements of the mature horse are easily met with good quality forage what happens when the requirements are increased as is the case for the young growing horse What level of forage can be used when rapid growth rates are desired The Nutrient Requirements of Horses 1989 suggests that diets for weanling horses and yearlings should contain 70 concentrate 30 forage or 60 concentrate 40 forage respectively. These recommendations are based on research trials where the majority of the nutrients provided in the diets were supplied by the concentrate. COMPOSITION OF DIETS AND EXPECTED GROWTH RATES FOR WEANLING AND YEARLING HORSES WITH AN EXPECTED MATURE WEIGHT OF 500 KG 1100 LBS Weanling 6 months of age Yearling 12 months of age Forage 30 40 Concentrate 70 60 Moderate Growth 65 kg day 50 kg day Rapid Growth 85 kg day 65 kg day adapted from NRC 1989 While these ration proportions have been used routinely with success it is worthwhile to examine feeding programs that use higher levels of forage. The reasoning as stated earlier is forage can be the least expensive source of nutrients in your feeding programs. In Alberta there is in a normal year a readily available supply of high quality forage and horse owners need to use that forage effectively to reduce production costs. The current research with young growing horses shows clearly that well balance diets using higher levels of forage will provide adequate nutrient intakes for optimal growth rates. Recent research conducted by the Horse Industry Section has shown that diets made up of 60 alfalfa cubes will provide adequate supplies of nutrients for weanlings to gain 0.72 kg per day. The addition of supplemental protein to this diet did not increase growth rates indicating that the energy and protein in alfalfa cubes is available to the young growing horse. Other research conducted by the Horse Industry Section has used forage levels ranging from 30 to 100 of the diet. These research results indicate that acceptable growth rates can be achieved when forage makes up the major portion of the feeding program. It is important to remember that in all of these research examples high quality forage was used and the rations were balanced to meet all nutrient requirements for young growing horses. Research with yearling horses has focused on pasture as the forage source. The growth rate of yearling horses on pasture is dependent on both forage quality and quantity. This level of growth is below the moderate rate suggested by NRC 1989 and was due to lower quality of forage available. When sufficient quantity of good quality forage is available growth rates of 0.51 kg day Rouguette et al 1985 0.55 kg day Hansen et al 1987 and 0.68 kg day Horse Industry Section 1983 were attained. These growth rates are similar to the moderate growth rates for yearlings suggested by NRC 1989. In both of these studies growth rates were significantly greater for the horses receiving the concentrate than the gains of the horses on pasture only. Therefore horse owners can expect reasonable growth rates of young horses on pasture when adequate supplies of quality forage are available. For the young horse weanling or yearling NRC 1989 suggests that the forage 30-40 while current research indicates that high quality forage can be used at much higher levels with no reduction in growth performance. As the fetus develops and increases in size there maybe a reduction in digestive capacity of the mare in late pregnancy resulting in the need for modest intakes of a concentrate ration to meet nutrient requirements. Martin and co-workers 1989 noted that forage consumption of the lactating mare was greater that the mare in late gestation 9.6 kg 21 lbs. This difference in intake may be a result of the higher energy requirement for lactation and the mare's compensating by increasing their intake. While a high quality legume forage can provide the protein needs of the mare a source of energy will be required to meet energy requirements for milk production and the maintenance of body condition. Legume forage such as alfalfa hay or alfalfa cubes provide a significant level of energy protein and calcium while grass forage of similar maturity would be lower in energy protein and calcium. When different forages are used the amount of feed required and the amount and kind of supplementation needed to meet the requirements of a particular class of horse will vary. The following examples show how different forages can be used to meet different horses requirements and what effect this has on daily feed costs. DRY MATTER ENERGY AND PROTEIN ANALYSIS AND COST PER TONNE Feed Type Dry Matter D.E. horse day Feed 1 2 3 Alfalfa Grass Hay 19.0 Alfalfa Cubes 15.5 Timothy Cost Horse day 1.06 1.17 1.04 all horses would receive free choice mineral and trace mineral salt these examples do not include waste or any adjustments for environmental conditions or individuality of horses being fed TABLE 4. 520 kg YOUNG GROWING HORSE Feed 1 2 3 Alfalfa Grass Hay 8.0 Alfalfa Cubes 8.0 Timothy Hay 8.0 Foal Ration 4.75 3.75 5.25 Cost horse day 1.57 1.49 1.65 Forage 63 69 60 Using the NRC 1989 suggestion of 1 body weight fed as forage results in a program that is 40 forage and 60 concentrate. Cost horse day 1.95 Forage in Diets 40 While this ration and example 1 above supply a similar profile of nutrients for the same growth rate there is a significant increase in daily cost. LACTATING MARES Mares in the First 1 3 of Lactation with a Mature Body Weight of 1150 lbs. The goal when planning your feeding program for your horses is to maximize the use of the nutrients provided by the forage and use supplemental feeds to make up the deficiencies of the forage. Feeding programs with adequate levels ofgood duality forage help to maintain the health of the horse and result in feeding programs that are both effective and economical. Voluntary Intake and Digestion of Coastal Bermudagrass Hay in Yearling and Mature Horses. In Proceedings of Equine Nutrition and Physiology Society Fort Collins Colorado. Performance of Yearling Horses on Pasture and Supplemental Feed. In Proceedings of Equine Nutrition and Physiology Society Fort Collins Colorado. In Proceedings of Equine Nutrition and Physiology Society Ontario California. Nutrient Requirements of Horses 5th Edition NAS-NRC Washington D.C. Influence of Pasture and Feed on Growth and Development of Yearling Quarter Horses. In Proceedings of Equine Nutrition and Physiology Society Symposium East Lansing Michigan. Growth of Yearling Horses Under Continuous or Rotational Grazing Systems at Three Levels of Forage on Offer. In Proceedings of the Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium Fort Collins Colorado. Bob Coleman is a former Equine Nutritionist and Horse Specialist with Alberta Agriculture Food and Rural Development. This information is maintained by Sylvia Schneider at Pondside Web Productions in conjunction with the Horse Industry Section of Alberta Agriculture. Top of Document The user of this information agrees to the terms and conditions in the copyright and disclaimer Copyright C 1999-2000 Her Majesty the Queen in the Right of Alberta.
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- Hay (at E-Stable The Definitive Horse & Equestrian Site) - http://www.e-stable.com/hay.asp
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Hay at E-Stable The Definitive Horse Equestrian Site Search 2000 Pages 185 000 Links counting Message Board Advertise Sell User Services Related Sections. Roughage Pasture Legumes Hay. Feed Questions Discuss it Send This Page to a Friend Find Related Pages There are two primary types of hay legume hay and grass hay. This is because the roots of the legumes are covered with nodules which contain bacteria that fix nitrogen from the air. Good quality hays provide energy protein calcium vitamins and minerals to a horse's diet. The bulk of both grass hays and legume hays helps move other foodstuffs through the digestive tract by stimulating peristaltic action. Because the bacteria in the nodules provides the plants with large amounts of nitrogen a building block to protein the protein levels of legume hays is much higher than in grass hays. Legume hays also contain higher levels of calcium and phosphorus. Horses should be allowed to adjust to legume hays by gradually switching from grass hay to legume hay over a period of about a month. Grass hays include many species of grasses and they vary notably in nutritional quality according to species and areas where they are grown. The protein content of grass hay will vary depending on the species of grass and stage of maturity when cut. What's Hot Search multiple horse sites with 1 click using Horsepile.com Message Forums Auctions Classifieds Want News Send This Page to a Friend Your Email To Email Email Login. New users sign up S P O N S O R E D L I N K S HorsePower HorsePower is a non-profit organization helping a variety of worthwhile charities by producing horse-related events. Find out how you can sponsor this page Find related pages Go To Random Link Browse E-Stable Add E-Stable to Favorites Misfortunes come on horseback and depart on foot. French Proverb Back Home Shop Sell Advertise User Services Contact E-Stable Copyright C 1999 2000 E-Stable Ltd.
  [Contents]
- Horse Pasture.html - http://forage.cas.psu.edu/docs/pastures/horsepasture.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Pasture and Hay for Horses Basics of Horse Nutrition Pasture for Horses Hay for Horses Health Concerns when Feeding Forages to Horses Download the Pasture and Hay for Horses document in Adobe PDF format. Return to PSU Forage Home Page Additional pasture information via the Forage Information System FIS Please note Penn State University Forages on the World Wide Web WWW is under construction. Information is incomplete and linkages to local or remote sites may not work but construction is being completed as fast as possible. Feed costs can be minimized by keeping the horse healthy and by feeding a balanced ration that meets the horses nutritional needs. More myths are associated with feeding horses than with feeding most other animals. Horses naturally use forages as a primary component of their diets. Adequate forages are a basic necessity for normal functioning of the horses digestive system. This requirement for forages is most easily supplied by pasture and hay. The anatomy of the horse's digestive tract restricts effective digestion and utilization of low quality forages that are high in fiber. Therefore a premium should be placed on using high-quality forages in the horse's diet. Ideally horses should consume a minimum of 1 percent of their body weight in hay or pastures each day. Mature horses performing minimal or no work can be maintained on high quality forages without supplementing their diet with grain. However growing breeding or working horses require supplementing the forage with a grain or concentrate to meet their additional nutrient requirements. As a general rule forages should supply one half or more of the total weight of the feed consumed daily for optimum horse growth and development. Forages can provide varying amounts of the nutrient requirements depending on the forage quality and amount consumed. The nutrient content of the forage and concentrate in the horse's diet must be known to properly balance the diet. High-quality properly-fenced pasture represents one of the best and least expensive sources of summer feed for a horse. In addition a well kept pasture can provide the most natural and healthy environment for exercise and rest. In fact good pasture alone is sufficient to meet all of the nutritional requirements for many classes of horses. Yet poorly-managed pastures supply little or no feed and are frequently the source of many internal parasites. However with limited pasture pasture acreage rotational grazing systems are the most effective method to maximize forage production and consumption. Kentucky bluegrass withstands close and continuous grazing better than most other grasses and when well established and properly fertilized it produces a reasonably dense and attractive sod. Pasture Improvement If you already have good stands of desirable grass and legume species proper soil fertility combined with good management will be sufficient to assure good horse pasture. Yields on many pastures can be doubled simply by applying lime and fertilizer. Liming and topdressing Kentucky bluegrass pastures with phosphate potash and nitrogen costs much less and is less work than complete pasture renovation. Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil test results and recommendations. Soil testing kits and information on how to take samples are available through your local extension agricultural agent. The response is often slow when you apply lime and fertilizer on the surface of established pastures. It may take 1 to 3 years depending largely on the lime needs and species present in the pasture before your pasture sod is thick and productive again. If you don't have a good stand of desirable species you may want to renovate the pasture by destroying the existing plants and planting productive mixtures. This procedure usually results in the highest yield increase per acre but will also be relatively expensive to complete. If you plan to renovate an old pasture you should consider the following points 1. Select a seed mixture that complements the pasture drainage characteristics. Destroy or suppress the old pasture by plowing or use of herbicides. Where recommended mixtures are seeded without a companion crop and weeds are controlled new seedings can become established in a single year. While it is generally considered less palatable than bluegrass tall fescue produces one of the toughest and heavy traffic sods of any adapted grass. Toxins associated with this fungus can cause lowered reproductive rates abortion agalactia lack of milk and prolonged gestation with mares. Pasture Management Whether you improve your pastures by the use of lime and fertilizer or by reseeding sound management is essential to keep the desired species persistent and productive. They will seriously damage desired species in some areas unless they are moved into new pastures frequently. This system helps to keep the legumes and grasses growing better and increases the feed available per acre. In addition by rotating the horses from pasture to pasture you can break the life cycle of some parasites. Clip pastures regularly during the growing season Clipping at a height of 2 to 3 inches after horses are moved to a new paddock helps to control weeds prevent grasses from heading and in general keeps the pasture in a more desirable condition. Drag pastures with a chain link harrow at least once per year Dragging helps to spread manure droppings which reduces the parasite populations by exposing them to air and sunlight. Apply fertilizer as needed Improved horse pastures must be fertilized annually if legumes and grasses are to persist and remain productive. The fertilizer to use depends on the pasture species present. This type of hay is usually rich in energy protein minerals and vitamins and is readily consumed by horses. In general well managed legume-grass hays are higher in protein and minerals than straight grasses under similar management. However protein and mineral levels are readily changed by time of cutting and other hay-making practices. With good management most hay species or mixtures can be satisfactory for horses. Alfalfa hay while normally high in protein may contain an excessive amount of calcium in relationship to phosphorus wide Ca P ratio when fed as the sole source of forage to young growing horses. For more information on testing the quality of forages check with your local county agricultural extension agent. In general simple mixtures consisting of a single legume such as alfalfa and a single grass such as timothy are preferred over straight legume or straight grass seedings. The Penn State Agronomy Guide is an excellent source of information on species and mixture selection. Where soil test information is not available topdress legume-grass stands annually with a minimum of 50 pounds of phosphate and 150 lbs. Today a number of chemical preservatives are being marketed which if properly applied at the time of baling make it possible to bale and store hay safely at moistures up to 25 percent. Research indicates that hay treated with most chemical preservatives is safe to feed to horses as long as no dust or mold is present. Horses are extremely susceptible to molds fungi and other sources of toxic substances in forage. This is especially a problem with first cutting hay because it is harvested during a period of time when it rains frequently and the weather conditions are less than ideal for hay drying. In addition to molds and fungi some forage species contain chemical compounds that can have negative health effects on horses. Sudangrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids contain compounds which can cause muscle weakness urinary problems and death in severe cases. Mares are especially sensitive to the health problems associated with tall fescue. Another health problem could occur when horses are fed hay that contains blister beetles. is most generally associated with the potential to contain blister beetles. Ornamental shrubs and nightshade are the most common poisonous plants in Pennsylvania. However any plant that is known to be poisonous to other animals is probably poisonous to horses. However many poisonous plants are not palatable and horses will not eat them unless there is inadequate forage available to meet their needs. Comerford associate professor of agronomy and instructor of dairy and animal science respectively. Return to PSU Forage Home Page This WWW page was developed by Marvin H.
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- EquineCanada Magazine - Summer 99 - Horse Management - Pasture Grass - http://www.equinecanada.com/summer99/eq_magazine_management.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: EquineCanada Magazine Summer 99 Horse Management Pasture Grass. Site Index Current Issue of EquineCanada Magazine Commentary Directory of Sponsors ERC Membership Business of Horses Research News Industry News Provincial Profile Nutraceuticals Horse Management Disease Watch ERC Resources Magazine Archives Site Index Home EquineCanada Magazine Business of Horses Job Track Disease Watch Canadian Horse Industry Profile Canadian Horse Industry Survey Industry News Associations'Guide Calendar of Events Contact Us Thanks to our sponsor Vandustall Horse Management Pasture Grass Tips on taking proper soil samples Interpreting the soil analysis Notes on fertilizing Feeding to improve feet Pasture Grass A Cash Crop for Horseowners If we continually had a low yield and low quality return off the corn oat or hay crop we had planted would we be content Obviously not. We would be assessing the return on the cash crop and taking measures to correct soil conditions to improve next year's harvest. Pasture can be an important cost-saving addition to your feeding program but pasture cannot be taken for granted or ignored from year to year. Grass is excellent forage for horses providing fiber protein and important vitamins such as vitamin A C and B complex along with minerals such as calcium and potassium. A mature non-working well-developed horse or older yearling can be maintained on pasture alone. A growing working pregnant or lactating horse will receive many of the required nutrients from well-maintained pasture but some additional grain and hay feeding is also necessary. Rich growth leafiness and freedom from weeds moulds debris and manure characterize a good pasture. The provision of good grass can provide a substantial financial savings if we can get maximum production and utilization from the grass. formerly with Extension in Alberta Agriculture and now Extension Horse Specialist University of Kentucky the most common problem of pasture maintenance is over grazing. This is often done for labour saving but once again this can kill the grass underneath leaving bare spots that turn to mud and a ready invitation to weed species to take over. It is then important to test the soil more frequently.When initially establishing grass or when trying to bring back problem pasture areas soil testing can save time and money by identifying the problems and providing specific answers. Your soil analysis results will tell you what fertilizer or amendments to add to your fields and which species of grass will grow well. 2 Fertilizing Once you have done your soil analysis you will receive a report that gives you recommendations on fertilizer. A complete'fertilizer includes nitrogen phosphorous and potassium in appropriate forms and concentration for increasing soil fertility. The custom addition of fertilizers and top-dressings may be available at a reasonable cost and will help provide a uniform source of nutrients for better yield. Maintaining a pasture is far less work and cost than a complete pasture renovation. It may take a few years before your pasture reaches optimal again so it is worth it to pay attention before conditions deteriorate too much. 3 Pasture Analysis Pasture analysis involves clipping the grass from randomly chosen areas of the pasture and analyzing it for energy and mineral content Generally it is not worth it for the individual owner however for large operations it may be beneficial. 4 Rotational Grazing Rotational grazing is a pasture management system that increases the quality of the pasture and provides better forage for your horses. The available pasture is divided into two or more areas to allow one area to re-generate grass while the other area is being used for grazing.It is relatively easy to set up a rotational grazing system. Even two separate paddocks are better than grazing a single pasture continuously. The front wire can be moved to provide new pasture according to the horse's need followed by the back wire to permit re-growth. Conclusion So if you want to maintain a source of inexpensive healthy forage for your horses don't take your pasture for granted. A bit of time spent each year developing your pasture management system will pay off with years of good grass and substantially minimize your feed bills. formerly with Alberta Agriculture and now Equine Extension Specialist with the University of Kentucky for his helpful input on this article. The work of Wendy Driscoll and Simone Payne is gratefully acknowledged. Further information on soil grass Tips on taking proper soil samples Interpreting the soil analysis Notes on fertilizing Further Reading Bauer.Dan.1994. More than ever horses need forage Proceedings from the 1999 Alberta Horse Breeders and Owners Conference. Developing a Grazing Management Plan for horses http news periodicals cses 1997-03 1997-03-02.html. Tennessee Horse Express 16 2 Agricultural Extension Services. Pasture for Profit a guide to rotational grazing. Provincial agricultural offices may also have fact sheets or literature available.
  [Contents]
- Articles - http://www.fullpartnersfarm.com/september98.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Feeding and Caring for the Unfit Horse All horse people at one time or another are faced with the prospect of caring for an undeweight or out of condition horse. Although the people who have cared for your new ward may not be knowledgeable or even reliable it is important to find out the past feeding program that the horse has been on. Ask the previous owner about the animal's current feed vaccination and worming program. If the horse has not been on a proper feeding program you will have to start feeding on the existing program and gradually build up to the optimum. Assuming that you have ruled out disease parasites and properly cared for teeth a good feeding program should put your new horse back in shape fairly quickly. Just as it would be difficult for you to run a marathon on a moments notice your new horse may have been out of work and may get extremely stressed by very little exercise. Watch to see if your horse breathes hard sweats profusely or seems generally sluggish. A mild grass hay can be introduced first with a horse that has been underfed and later you could substitute alfalfa peanut hay or a Timothy alfalfa mixture into their diet a little at a time. When dealing with the overweight animal a gradual decrease in grain is required while good hay and plenty of water continue to be offered. Most overweight horses also have a tendency to be out of shape so a careful regimen of slow exercise along with a reduction of caloric intake will cause weight loss at a pace which is comfortable for your animal. Remember that losing or gaining weight and condition takes careful planning and a great deal of time. Be patient with this long term process and consult your veterinarian on a regular basis.
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- Haflinger Draft Pony -- does it have pony digestion or draft horse digestion? - http://www.draftresource.com/chat/messages/254.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Haflinger Draft Pony does it have pony digestion or draft horse digestion Haflinger Draft Pony does it have pony digestion or draft horse digestion Follow Ups Post Followup Draft Resource Chat Board FAQ Posted by Brad K. Would gradually increasing grass hay alfalfa hay replacing grain with moderate amounts of vegetable oil and increasing exercise be safest or is there a better approach Thanks Brad K. Follow Ups Post a Followup Name E-Mail Subject Comments Haflinger Draft Pony. Would gradually increasing grass hay alfalfa hay replacing grain with moderate amounts of vegetable oil and increasing exercise be safest or is there a better approach Thanks Brad K. Optional Link URL Link Title Optional Image URL Follow Ups Post Followup Draft Resource Chat Board FAQ WWWBoard 2.0a and WWWAdmin 2.0a C 1997 All Rights Reserved.
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- FOOD AND WATER FOR THE DISTANCE HORSE- Heat Part 3 - http://www.worldpath.net/~lcrowley/ectra/heatpart3.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: FOOD AND WATER FOR THE DISTANCE HORSE-Heat Part 3. MANAGING HEAT SCIENTIFICALLY PART 3 FEEDING AND DIGESTION By Abby Bloxsom November 2000 Now it may seem odd that I'm including feeding and digestion in a discussion about managing heat. Let's keep in mind though that maintaining appropriate fuel sources and hydration are essential to preparing a distance horse to handle heat. As distances approach and pass 50 miles per day and average speeds approach and pass 10 miles per hour though it gets much more complicated the timing and order in which things are given can spell the difference between a Best Condition award and a finish. Much of this is fine-tuning however and is the kind of thing that riders will have to deal with only after they've already covered many many conditioning and competitive miles with a given horse. What Happens Inside First let me talk a bit about the horse's digestive tract. Once it's half full the stomach sends small amounts of food on to the small intestine faster as it approaches fullness. As the digesta passes into the small intestine more digestive juices are added further chemical digestion takes place and absorption begins simple sugars amino acids free fatty acids fat-soluble vitamins and minerals If the food is moving slowly at this point as it does during grazing then most of this absorption takes place in the small intestine. After the small intestine food flows into the cecum the first section of the hindgut where helpful bacteria and protozoa aid digestion. These little critters break down cellulose and other complex plant materials into smaller more usable molecules. After the cecum the food moves on to the colon where bacterial digestion continues and most of the water and remaining nutrients are absorbed. The presence of gut fill stimulates gut motility movement of the food essential to preventing colic. When a meal food eaten all at once exceeds 3 or 4 pounds of food it may be passed through the stomach and small intestine without sufficient time for full digestion. If the starches and sugars normally absorbed there proceed to the cecum too soon they will be fermented by the intestinal flora and change the pH of the hindgut. If a horse gets small grain meals and eats at least 1 to 2 percent of its body weight in forage food then the slow flow will allow for the maximum breakdown and absorption of nutrients per Nature's design. What They Really Need Most high school biology courses cover at least briefly the nutrients required for maintaining life but I'll review them here. Again because of the horse's small stomach these are essential as long as they're digested and absorbed in the foregut. If the diet doesn't permit this because of large meals they can cause poor efficiency in the hindgut by altering the digestive environment there. Grains are the most concentrated sources but hay and grass also contain sugars and starches grasses being higher Concentrated sources of carbohydrate should only be used when the horse cannot maintain his weight on hay alone. Protein can be utilized for energy but it is a poor source as it requires liver and kidney involvement to extract the excess nitrogen released. Digesting protein also uses more water than digesting other energy sources. Adult horses getting minimal to moderate exercise need about 12-14 of their digestible nutrients in the form of protein. This basic requirement doesn't increase with additional exercise though even as a horse progresses through the ranks of athletic performance. Supplemental vitamin E and B vitamins should also be considered in feeding distance horses. Maintain calcium-to-phosphorous ratios within the range of 1.4 to 2 1 to prevent bone loss and metabolic problems related to calcium intake such as thumps and tying up. Regional soil differences may affect the presence of selenium and other trace minerals as well so forage should be tested annually to verify content. Salt electrolytes Salt is instinctively governed by the horse under maintenance conditions. Competition or heavy training will cause higher electrolyte requirements that require periodic supplementation but daily requirements can generally be met with forage and loose preferred or block salt. While studies indicate that beet pulp can be fed dry without ill effects wetting it before feeding will prevent unnecessary fluid shifts as the horse adjusts to provide enough fluid for digestion. If possible the other half of the roughage fed should be long-stemmed grass or hay to allow for nibbling and chewing and adequate stimulation of intestinal motility the so-called scratch factor Sizable grain meals 2 to 4 pounds should be fed 5 to 8 hours before extended or strenuous work. If the exercise is low intensity such as a riding lesson or easy hack there is little to be gained by adjusting feeding beforehand especially if you're able to feed close to an hour before mounting up. For long duration low-to-moderate intensity work like distance riding your priority is making sure that the horse has a steady supply of fuel plenty of water and electrolytes on board and enough fiber in the hindgut to ensure continued gut motility after several hours in the saddle. Preparing for competition should begin a couple of days ahead of time as the fibrous foods eaten today will be storing water providing energy and keeping the hindgut's contents moving two days from now. Electrolyte supplementation should begin the day before so that the horse is certain to start the ride with a full tank Continued supplementation during the ride will replace losses from sweat. By maintaining electrolyte levels particularly sodium salt the horse will be more motivated to drink earlier in the ride and early losses from sweat will not send the horse into a downward spiral before it's too late. This will provide a consistent supply of fuel to supplement the constant slow release of nutrients from the hindgut for slower distance work. Feeding wet beet pulp is a good way of forcing hydration since it holds plenty of water as it goes down and may even prompt a horse to realize it's thirsty when it wouldn't otherwise be willing to drink. As an animal progresses through the ranks of distance competition from shorter and slower one-days to the longer faster rides of endurance competition its dietary needs will change too. The only consistent thing in the world death and taxes notwithstanding is change and reevaluating and adapting as you proceed will help prevent failure. While it is still a somewhat controversial approach in some circles supplementing with a balanced formula of certain types of carbohydrates amino acids and minerals is showing great promise among elite distance horses and has been used successfully by human long distance runners for decades. These formulas target very specific metabolic processes in an effort to provide a steady flow of fuel through an entire competition and are most useful in an established conditioning program as an enhancement aimed at getting consistent performance for a top ten finish. Some Helpful Supplements While your distance horse's diet is based on high-quality forage with a modest amount of grain and free choice salt there are a handful of other enhancements that you may wish to add depending on circumstances. Better yet try to find an unprocessed natural oil that still has all the valuable vitamin E and other natural antioxidants intact. Rice bran supplements are loaded with fat but must be specially made to compensate for a very high phosphorous content check labels Other dry fat supplements are made from processed animal fat. If fat is included in the diet to provide calories it should be removed for a couple of days before and after a ride as it may reduce digestive efficiency and nutrient uptake during that stressful time. Vitamin E Vitamin E is depleted by work that stresses muscle the way distance riding does and distance horses who are consistently working hard should probably receive at least 2 000 IU per day in addition to the basic diet. Selenium and other trace minerals Some soils are deficient in these minerals and hay should be tested for content of these minerals to determine if a deficiency exists. However most alfalfa hays retain very high Vitamin A activity. Vitamin C A powerful antioxidant Vitamin C can be used to mitigate the effects of stressful events by giving 10 g of Vitamin C twice daily with 1 600-2 000 IU of Vitamin E daily for five days after stressful events such as shipping competition or illness. Biotin Supplementing daily with a hoof-feeding supplement that contains at least 15 mg of Biotin as well as zinc and methionine may improve the quality of a horse's hoof horn growth. This is helpful to any horse but especially for distance horses who use their feet hard and usually need shoeing at more frequent intervals Stronger horn will help to protect nail holes between shoeings. Probiotics Stress diet changes worming and antibiotics are just a few of the many things that can mess with the population of beneficial microbes residing in the horse's hindgut. A number of supplements have been formulated to provide a steady supply of these microbes or to support their populations by enhancing the digestive environment with enzymes. Joint support Many give joint supplements only to older horses but there is increasing evidence that starting athletes on glucosamine chondroitin and MSM early will minimize wear and tear before aging sets in. Whatever supplements you're feeding it's generally advisable to be very aware of what you're using it for and how it replaces or enhances components of the natural diet. The Eastern Competitive Trail Ride Association performs random drug testing among finishers of its rides to ensure compliance with its Drug-Free policy. A list of commonly used treatment substances and their expected clearance times can be obtained from the ECTRA Veterinary Committee. It's possible that prohibited substances and or masking agents may be present in some nutritional supplements so the Veterinary Committee has advised riders competing on ECTRA Sanctioned rides to remove all nutritional supplements from the basic diet of roughage water grain and electrolytes being fed just before and during a ride. They may contain unlisted ingredients that will trigger a positive drug test or have fast-acting ingredients that have performance enhancing effects. Any questions about this recommendation can be addressed directly to members of the Association's Veterinary Committee. Basing a horse's diet on Nature's plan filling in the gaps left by modern management practices and fine-tuning your rations based on the needs of the moment will put you straight on the road to developing and keeping a healthy distance horse. I would be remiss to publish this without giving appropriate credit to Susan Garlinghouse Sarah Ralston Tom Ivers and Eleanor Kellon all of whom have well-worn coattails and my faithful gratitude.
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- http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/BL_GR310.txt
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: BL GR310 Billings MT Fri Feb 9 2001 USDA Market News Weekly Montana Hay Report Week Ending February 8 2001 Compared to last week The hay market traded steady. Trading is moderate on good demand. Winter conditions were prevalent this week. Alfalfa Good quality 80.00 few sales 75.00 and 85.00 Premium hay delivered 105.00-110.00 Good hay delivered 95.00-100.00 few sales 105.00-110.00. Alfalfa Grass Premium quality horse hay 95.00-100.00 Good quality 80.00-85.00 or 90.00-95.00 delivered. Detailed Quotations Montana Large Round Square Small Square Alfalfa Good 75.00-85.00 Alfalfa Grass Premium 90.00-100.00 Good 80.00-85.00 Timothy 110.00-120.00 Alfalfa Relative Feed Value RFV Supreme over 180 Premium 150-180 Good 125-150 Fair 100-125 Low less than 100. Source USDA Market News Service Billings Mt Justin Schmierer 406-657-6285 24 hour price information 406-657-6400 mnreports BL gr310.txt 0900M jts.
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- Feeding Your Horse - http://www.cvm.uiuc.edu/ceps/petcolumns/feeding.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: FEEDING YOUR HORSE TO AVOID PROBLEMS PET COLUMN FOR THE WEEK OF MAY 20 1996 Back to Pet Columns CEPS Veterinary Extension 2938 Vet. Urbana Illinois 61802. Information Specialist. University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine All horses no matter what age need a properly balanced diet that is built around a forage base. Scoggins equine extension veterinarian at the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine at Urbana. Proper mineral balance is also very important in the horse's diet at all stages of life. To give the foal a good start before it hits the ground the mare needs the right amount and correct balance of minerals especially copper zinc and selenium if you live in a selenium-deficient area such as Illinois Once the foal is growing properly balanced minerals in its diet will help prevent joint diseases. They have a relatively small stomach and need frequent smaller meals to avoid problems like colic. Extra fat may increase the incidence of fatty lipomas in the intestines. Diseases such as leptospirosis salmonella and equine protozoal myelitis can be transmitted through feed contamination. 6 Maintain an adequate water supply for the horses keeping it clean ice-free and of a drinkable temperature in the winter.
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- eHow to Feed a Horse in a Stable - http://www.ehow.com/eHow/eHow/0,1053,10765,00.html
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Terms of Use Home Pet Center Horses eHow to Feed a Horse in a Stable by Janine Queller Know how to properly feed your horse and she'll maintain her lustrous coat and confident canter. When caring for your animal be it an Arabian or a Tennessee walker nothing is more important than maintaining your horse's good health through proper nutrition. Start off feeding your horse alfalfa or oat and gradually introduce different types of hay. Supplement your horse's hay with a grain mixture such as crushed oats and corn with molasses typically called sweet feed. Feed working and growing horses alfalfa hay which is high in energy protein and calcium. Complete rations satisfy the dietary needs of your horse but will leave her craving something to chew which unless you give her hay may end up being your wood fence. More Resources Related eHows Buy Your First Horse Care for a Horse in a Pasture Care for a Horse in a Stable Check the Hydration of a Horse Cool Out a Horse Related Products Search All Products Books Popular Music Classical Music Video DVD Toys Games Electronics Software Tools Hardware Lawn Patio Kitchen Camera Photo Wireless Phones Keywords Project Details Skill Advisory Moderately Easy. The Things You'll Need livestock salt and minerals sweet feed water Check Out 15 000 More How-To Solutions in eHow's Centers Automotive Finance Business Hobbies Games Personal Care Style Sports Fitness Careers Education Food Entertainment Holidays Traditions Pets Travel Computers Health Home Garden Relationships Family Home About Us Privacy Terms of Use C 2000 1999 eHow Inc.
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- Fescue in your horse's diet - http://www.dclahdvm.com/articles/diet.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Fescue in your horse's diet. Products Articles Services Scrapbook Area Stallions Staff Related Sites Home Fescue in the Horse's Diet. Tall fescue is a grass which grows on approximately 35 million acres of land in the United States. What many owners may not realize is that there are some significant health risks associated with horses eating endophyte fungus-infected El tall fescue. Some of these problems can be minimized with careful management of horses and pastures. Because of the horse's extreme sensitivity to the toxin fields with as little as 5-10 infection rates can pose potential hazards to broodmares and foals. The most significant problems associated with endophyte-infected fescue relate to the horse's reproductive performance. They include Lower Conception or Breeding Rates Abortions Prolonged Pregnancy normal gestation averages 342 days Foaling Difficulty dystocia Thick or Retained Placentas Lack of or Poor Milk Production agalactia Higher Rates of Newborn Foal Death Increased Risk of Laminitis Other less significant reactions to the endophyte-infected fescue may be loose feces or diarrhea and more profuse sweating. While research shows that horses seem to be able to rid their systems of the endophyte toxin and recover from its ill effects in as little as 30-45 days a good rule of thumb is to remove broodmares from endophyte-infected fescue 60-90 days prior to foaling. Even if a producer is advertising endophyte-free EF fescue hay it would be prudent to have the hay tested before purchasing and feeding it. To eliminate the problems associated with endophyte-infected fescue and livestock production researchers have developed endophyte-free EF tall fescue seed. When replanting a pasture it is extremely important that all infected plants and seeds be destroyed prior to sowing. Discuss the best methods for eliminating stands of infected fescue with an agronomist toxicologist or your county extension agent. OTHER MANAGEMENTCONSIDERATIONS If it is impractical to replant your endophyte-infected fescue pastures at this time it will be especially important to heed these management practices Have your pasture tested to determine the level of infection. This brochure was developed by the American Association of Equine Practitioners through a grant from the following Educational Partners Bayer Corporation Agriculture Division Animal Health Shawnee Mission Kansas 66201 Purina Mills Inc. Louis MO 63144 Products Articles Services Scrapbook Area Stallions Staff Related Sites Home Davie County Large Animal Hospital P.A. 183 Beechtree Place Mocksville NC 27028 dclahdvm@msn.com Website Graphic Design Hosting Maintenance by WebTop Publishing.
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- Horse Heaven Feed Shop! - http://expage.com/page/horseheavenfeedshop
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Horse Heaven Feed Shop orse Heaven Feed Shop To buy anything on this page post it on the Message-Board Feed 5 Water 4 Woodchips 5 Carrotts 10 a 5 pd. bag Alalfa 100 Alalfa Pellets 25 a 10 pd. This page was last updated Sun Dec 13 00 11 12 1998 EDT This page provided free by The Express Page CLICK HERE for your FREE HOMEPAGE.
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- Arkansas Democrat-Gazette Classified - Feed & Supplies - http://www.ardemgaz.com/classun/c0730.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Arkansas Democrat-Gazette Classified Feed Supplies. Copyright 2001 Little Rock Newspapers February 11 2001. ANTIQUE CREAM separator 500. Return to SubSection Index Return to MAIN Classified Index.
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- Rural Heritage - Virtual Vet - http://www.ruralheritage.com/vet_clinic/virtualvet_view.cgi?top=1774&followup=1
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: Rural Heritage Virtual Vet. Beth Valentine is happy to answer questions related to the health of your draft animals but is unlikely to provide a definite diagnosis or treatment. As a veterinary pathologist she deals with diseases of equines bovines and most other species. In answering questions that might lie outside her field she has an outstanding network of experts to call on including consulting virtual veterinarians Dr. Janice Sojka who specializes in large animal internal medicine and Dr. Do yourself and our virtual vets a favor before posting a message please Read the healthcare information archived in the Vet Clinic a list of which appears on the Contents page. Use the search feature at the bottom of the Contents page to search for key words related to your question which may already have been answered in this forum. Confine your questions to general subjects pertaining to draft animal health. Visit our virtual farrier in the Village Smithy if your question relates to hooves trimming or shoeing. Include your email address in case our virtual vet s feel private follow-up correspondence is appropriate. Bookmark your message and post all follow-ups and updates beneath your original message to give our virtual vets a ready reference for best addressing your concerns. To optimize load time this popular forum continues onto several consecutive pages so eventually your post with its follow-ups will move to a subsequent page. The following message was posted 00 11 28 at 21 39 24 Name Beth Valentine DVM PhD Subject re Older WBs alfalfa hay Message Provided this horse has healthy kidneys and liver which most older horses do they do not have the same sort of aging problems in these organs that other species often do there is no danger in feeding alfalfa. Figure that alfalfa hay is about 1000 calories per lb whereas grass hays are usually about 800-900 calories per lb and a flake of alfalfa hay usually weighs more than a flake of grass hay. How To Post a Related Message Enter your name subject and message Click Send to post your message on the Virtual Vet bulletin board. Name Subject Message Return to the Virtual Vet Main Message Board 281 Dean Ridge Lane Gainesboro TN 38562-5039 Ph 931-268-0655 editor@ruralheritage.com.
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- EquineCanada Magazine - Fall 99 - Horse Management - Winter preparations - http://www.equinecanada.com/cgi-bin/WebWhizz.exe/fall99/eq_magazine_management.h...
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: EquineCanada Magazine Fall 99 Horse Management Winter preparations. Site Index Current Issue of EquineCanada Magazine Commentary Directory of Sponsors ERC Membership Business of Horses Research News Industry News Provincial Profile Nutraceuticals Horse Management Disease Watch ERC Resources Magazine Archives Site Index Home EquineCanada Magazine Business of Horses Job Track Disease Watch Canadian Horse Industry Profile Canadian Horse Industry Survey Industry News Associations'Guide Calendar of Events Contact Us Thanks to our sponsor Vandustall Horse Management Preparing for winter As barbecue season comes to a close one must start to think about the winter-wonderland that will soon be upon us. Are your barn and paddocks ready for it The great outdoors Turn out A horse with a heavy hair coat or sufficient blanketing can tolerate winter outdoors given enough fresh food and water and a shelter with southern exposure. Ideally run-in-sheds should slope towards the entrance drainage and open down-wind. Generally grass hay has a higher fibre content than alfalfa and therefore will provide more chew time and generate more heat. Horses prefer their drinking water at temperatures from 45 to 65 Fahrenheit 7 to 18 Celsius As water becomes cold enough to start freezing horses will be inclined to drink less. In the Stable Sometimes horses have to be housed indoors but a closed-up barn that is improperly managed can contribute to new or existing respiratory problems. Ideally air should move slowly through small openings and circulate throughout the barn. The temperature differential causes air movement remember warm air rises and the warmer air holds more moisture than cooler air carrying it back outside. Walls and ceilings should be insulated but if you are looking at renovating and can't do both at once insulate the ceiling first. The air we breathe Exposure to dust and mould in the stable can contribute to new or existing respiratory disorders for your horse. Traditionally straw is dustier than good quality wood shavings. Boredom Confinement can contribute to boredom-driven destruction most notably wood chewing. Another is to replace softwood such as pine with harder wood such as oak or pressure treated planks. Also open or grilled stall partitions will allow your horses to see each other and will assist with airflow throughout the barn. Lastly if possible try increasing the amount of forage given or break it up into more feedings throughout the day. On top of this layer add 4 to 5 inches 10 to 13 centimetres of limestone screening and possibly add another surface material. Tips for building up areas to reduce water accumulation Option Strip away loose material then add between 6 and 8 inches 15 and 20 centimetres of coarse gravel to these spots and top off with a 1 4 to 3 8-inch 1 2 to 1 centimetre layer of small aggregate limestone. Option Use a ground stabilizing product such as Equi Terr Option Use concrete aprons around troughs and gates. Make sure the surface is roughened you can use a broom to sweep over freshly poured concrete The edges of your concrete apron need to be level or just below the ground surface. Tips for preventing drinking water from freezing Use a safe electric bucket heater or one with the electric element sealed within its sides good for curious horses Use an air pump to keep water moving and prevent freezing. Adding some boiling water from a kettle to buckets filled with cold hose water can help prevent water from freezing overnight Tips to increase ventilation in a stuffy barn Drill 2-inch holes in the soffits underside of roof overhang and in the stall walls just above the floor avoid drilling holes into studs or support beams Cover the holes with screening to keep unwanted critters out. Use a quality bedding and muck out daily avoid deep litter systems Consider barn ventilation for all seasons.
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- North Carolina Dept of Agriculture & Consumer Services - Hay Buyers - http://www.ncagr.com/stats/buyhay.htm
  - Abstract:
    Document Excerpt: North Carolina Dept of Agriculture Consumer Services Hay Buyers. Hay Alert Home Hay Sellers Page Hay Buyers Last updated 2 12 01 ems Dale Cathcart 7409 Old Concord Road. Salisbury NC 28146-9191. Other Information Looking for good horse quality hay for reasonable price. Danny Jeffreys 3400 Wendell Blvd Wendell NC 27591 919-365-6484 Type Of Hay Any Kind Size Of Bales Small Quantity Needed 200 Thomas Gray 6301 Nc Hwy 231. Comments Need Good Quality Fescue Timothy Or Equivalent Square Bales To Feed To Horses. 919 483-7215 Type Orchard Grass Timothy Fescue Horse Quality. 919-960-0414 Type Horse Quality Orchard Grass Alfalfa Alfalfa Mix Coastal Bermuda. Interested In Sources In Sanford Or Sandhills Area As Horses Are Located There. Comments Looking For Leafy Hay Must Be Dust Free And Of Good Quality.Also Free Of Blister Beatles. Patti Schichtel 2307 Salt Hill Road Garner NC 27529 919-661-2793 Type Tifton 44 Coastal Bermuda Size Large Square Need 200. Donna Bravo 9813 Fanny Brown Road Raleigh NC 27603 919 677-8000 x7517 Type Orchard Grass Or Timothy Or Mix Size Square Bales Up To 90 Lbs Need 50-150 Bales Comments Need Hay Delivered. Chip Allen 204 Lake Court Chapel Hill NC 27516 919-942-9266 Type Pine Straw Size Medium To Large Need 20-50 Chuck Mann 8329 Glory Road Zebulon NC 27597 919-269-7128 Type Coastal Bermuda Size Standard Need 200 Comments Horse Hay Michelle McClanahan Crowder 101 Greenlevel to Durham Road Morrisville NC 27560 919 362-5429 Type Fescue Orchard or Timothy mix Size 60 Need 800 bales a year Comments Highlands can pick up the hay if within 50 mile radius of Morrisville. Barbara Ritz 2426 Pageland Hwy Monroe NC 28112 704-289-9000 Type Timothy Or Tim Alfalfa Mix Size 50 Lb Square Bales Need 13 Tons Comments I Have Boarders Who Prefer Timothy Hay But I Am Willing To Purchase A Good Quality Mix Orchard Grass Alfalfa Or Timothy Alfalfa. Hamlet NC 28345 910-582-4036 Type Coastal And Others Size Square Need 100-200 Todd A. Box 8102 Greensboro NC 27419 336-855-8526 Type Barley Straw Size Small Square Bales Need 200 400 Sale Comments We Need Up To 400 Bales Of Barley Straw For A Customer In Indiana. If You Have Commercial Quantities Of Hay Or Straw For Sale Please List On Our Website Www.hayonline.com. We Had A Customer Late Last Year Looking For Thousands Of Bales Of Straw But Did Not Have Enough Listed To Fill The Order. 101 Beaufort NC 28516 252-728-5296 Type Coastal Bermuda Size 40-60 Lbs. Janice Maddox 1116 West Mcgee Street Greensboro NC 27403 336-674-1167 Type Orchard Grass For Horses Size Large Need 100-2000. Eury 7204 Gold Hill Rd Concord NC 28025 704-793-1467 Type Oat Orchard Timothy Fescue Alfalfa Size Square Large Need 200 Bales. Some Of The Growers Here Make Beautiful Hay But The Weather This Year Was Horrible And Yeilds Are Very Low. Thanks Kiersten And Adam Barnes 1494 Carson Gregory Road Angier NC 27501 910-897-5033 Type Horse Quality Coastal Orchard Or Timothy Mix Size Square Or Round. Need Feeding 8 Horses Comments I Am Located In Harnette County NC And Need A Connection For Good Hay. Will Pay For Reasonable Delivery Or Can Pick Up With In An Hours Drive From Angier Dunn Benson Area. Brentwood TN 37027 615-221-1140 Type Orchard Grass Timothy Or Mixed Size 60-80 Lbs. Leasburg NC 27291 336 597-4910 Type Fescue Or Orchard Grass Size Small Square Bales Need 100 Comments Looking For Good Quality Hay For Horses. Steve Sechler 5520 Cavin Lane Kannapolis NC 28081 707-938-3870 Type Good Hay For Horse Size Square Need 200 Comments Would Take More If Price Is Right And You Are Somewhere Close To Kannapolis North Carolina. Patton 17112 Hoskinson Road Poolesville Md 20837 202-416-5556 Type Orch. Grass Timothy Alf-any Mix Size Squares Or Large Round Need 200-400 Comments Will Pick Up As Far As 600 Miles. Hyman Young 297 Mt Carmel Rd Asheville NC 28806 828-683-2056 Type Costal Bermuda Timothy Or Orchard Grass Size Square Bales Need 1500 Year Comments Needed As Soon As Possible. Madelyn Van Voorhis William Harlow 346 Pleasant Meadows Dr. Comments I'm needing hay for my two standardbred mare if hay in or around Charelston please contact me. 804-263-4598 Type Orchazrd Grass Timothy Mix Fescue only. Comments I am interested in competitive pricing for quality hay delivered to my address. I can be reached by phone between 6 9pm EST or send an email. I am located 25 minutes from the Carolina line.
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